Pedro Lowenstein, M.D., Ph.D.

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Work Titles
CTSI Member, CTSI
UCLA Professor, Medicine Member, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
Education:
Degrees:
M.D., Cum Laude, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1982, 1978 - 1982
Ph.D., Summa Cum Laude, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1982, 1982 - 1984
Fellowship:
1984 - 1986 The Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD

Contact Information:

Work Email Address:

lowensteinp@cshs.org

Work Email Address:

pedro.lowenstein@cshs.org


Website:

Web-Profile

Work Phone Number:

(310) 423-7308

(310) 423-7330

Laboratory Address:

8700 Beverly Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA 90048


Work Address:

Office
8700 Beverly Blvd
Rm 5093 Davis
Campus - 136308
Los Angeles, CA 90048


Detailed Biography:

Dr. Lowenstein is Director of the Gene Therapeutics Research Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and holds the Bram and Elaine Goldsmith Endowed Chair in Gene Therapeutics. He is also Professor of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology at UCLA. Before coming to Los Angeles in 2001, Dr Lowenstein was Lister Institute Professor of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy at the University of Manchester, England, effectively the first Professor of Gene Therapy in the UK. Dr. Lowenstein earned his MD and PhD from the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina. Then, he decided to see the world, doing postdoctoral fellowships at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, NIH in Bethesda, and Oxford, England. His first academic position was in Dundee, Scotland, from where he moved to the University of Wales, Cardiff, and finally (or so he thought) moving to The Medical School at the University of Manchester, England. His main scientific interests revolve around understanding the cellular, molecular and genetic basis of brain immune responses. He is now using the newly discovered 'immunological synapses' to understand the cellular and molecular basis of immune responses that occur in the brain in response to brain infections, brain tumors, and brain autoimmunity. To do so his lab uses from basic molecular to whole animal in vivo imaging approaches. In his spare time he is also interested in investigating how evolution has shaped brain immune responses, and the philosophical, sociological and ethical underpinnings of science.

Publications:

A selected list of publications:

Simonato Michele, Bennett Jean, Boulis Nicholas M, Castro Maria G, Fink David J, Goins William F, Gray Steven J, Lowenstein Pedro R, Vandenberghe Luk H, Wilson Thomas J, Wolfe John H, Glorioso Joseph C   Progress in gene therapy for neurological disorders Nature reviews. Neurology, 2013; 9(5): 277-91.
Puntel Mariana, A K M Ghulam Muhammad, Farrokhi Catherine, Vanderveen Nathan, Paran Christopher, Appelhans Ashley, Kroeger Kurt M, Salem Alireza, Lacayo Liliana, Pechnick Robert N, Kelson Kyle R, Kaur Sukhpreet, Kennedy Sean, Palmer Donna, Ng Philip, Liu Chunyan, Krasinkiewicz Johnny, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Safety profile, efficacy, and biodistribution of a bicistronic high-capacity adenovirus vector encoding a combined immunostimulation and cytotoxic gene therapy as a prelude to a phase I clinical trial for glioblastoma Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2013; 268(3): 318-30.
Sanderson Nicholas Stephen Rennie, Puntel Mariana, Kroeger Kurt M, Bondale Niyati S, Swerdlow Mark, Iranmanesh Niloufar, Yagita Hideo, Ibrahim Ahmed, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   Cytotoxic immunological synapses do not restrict the action of interferon-γ to antigenic target cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012; 109(20): 7835-40.
Assi Hikmat, Candolfi Marianela, Baker Gregory, Mineharu Yohei, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Gene therapy for brain tumors: basic developments and clinical implementation Neuroscience letters, 2012; 527(2): 71-7.
Mineharu Yohei, Muhammad A K M Ghulam, Yagiz Kader, Candolfi Marianela, Kroeger Kurt M, Xiong Weidong, Puntel Mariana, Liu Chunyan, Levy Eva, Lugo Claudia, Kocharian Adrina, Allison James P, Curran Michael A, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Gene therapy-mediated reprogramming tumor infiltrating T cells using IL-2 and inhibiting NF-κB signaling improves the efficacy of immunotherapy in a brain cancer model Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2012; 9(4): 827-43.
Zirger Jeffrey M, Puntel Mariana, Bergeron Josee, Wibowo Mia, Moridzadeh Rameen, Bondale Niyati, Barcia Carlos, Kroeger Kurt M, Liu Chunyan, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   Immune-mediated loss of transgene expression from virally transduced brain cells is irreversible, mediated by IFNγ, perforin, and TNFα, and due to the elimination of transduced cells Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2012; 20(4): 808-19.
Candolfi Marianela, King Gwendalyn D, Yagiz Kader, Curtin James F, Mineharu Yohei, Muhammad A K M Ghulam, Foulad David, Kroeger Kurt M, Barnett Nick, Josien Regis, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment: immune targets for glioma therapeutics Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.), 2012; 14(8): 757-70.
Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Pushing the limits of glioma resection using electrophysiologic brain mapping Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012; 30(20): 2437-40.
Castro Maria, Xiong Weidong, Puntel Mariana, Farrokhi Catherine, Kroeger Kurt M, Pechnick Robert N, Ng Philip, Lowenstein Pedro, Ghulam Muhammad Akm, Salem Alireza, Lacayo Liliana, Kelson Kyle R, Palmer Donna J, Liu Chungyan, Appelhans Ashley   Safety Profile of Gutless Adenovirus Vectors Delivered into the Normal Brain Parenchyma: Implications for a Glioma Phase I Clinical Trial Human gene therapy methods, 2012; 268(3): .
Muhammad A K M Ghulam, Xiong Weidong, Puntel Mariana, Farrokhi Catherine, Kroeger Kurt M, Salem Alireza, Lacayo Liliana, Pechnick Robert N, Kelson Kyle R, Palmer Donna, Ng Philip, Liu Chunyan, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Safety profile of gutless adenovirus vectors delivered into the normal brain parenchyma: implications for a glioma phase 1 clinical trial Human gene therapy methods, 2012; 23(4): 271-84.
Candolfi Marianela, Curtin James F, Yagiz Kader, Assi Hikmat, Wibowo Mia K, Alzadeh Gabrielle E, Foulad David, Muhammad A K M G, Salehi Sofia, Keech Naomi, Puntel Mariana, Liu Chunyan, Sanderson Nicholas R, Kroeger Kurt M, Dunn Robert, Martins Gislaine, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   B cells are critical to T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity induced by a combined immune-stimulatory/conditionally cytotoxic therapy for glioblastoma Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.), 2011; 13(10): 947-60.
King Gwendalyn D, Muhammad A K M Ghulam, Larocque Daniel, Kelson Kyle R, Xiong Weidong, Liu Chunyan, Sanderson Nicholas S R, Kroeger Kurt M, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   Combined Flt3L/TK gene therapy induces immunological surveillance which mediates an immune response against a surrogate brain tumor neoantigen Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2011; 19(10): 1793-801.
Mineharu Yohei, King Gwendalyn D, Muhammad A K M G, Bannykh Serguei, Kroeger Kurt M, Liu Chunyan, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Engineering the brain tumor microenvironment enhances the efficacy of dendritic cell vaccination: implications for clinical trial design Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2011; 17(14): 4705-18.
Castro Maria G, Candolfi Marianela, Kroeger Kurt, King Gwendalyn D, Curtin James F, Yagiz Kader, Mineharu Yohei, Assi Hikmat, Wibowo Mia, Ghulam Muhammad A K M, Foulad David, Puntel Mariana, Lowenstein Pedro R   Gene therapy and targeted toxins for glioma Current gene therapy, 2011; 11(3): 155-80.
Puntel Mariana, Barrett Robert, Sanderson Nicholas S R, Kroeger Kurt M, Bondale Niyati, Wibowo Mia, Kennedy Sean, Liu Chunyan, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   Identification and visualization of CD8+ T cell mediated IFN-γ signaling in target cells during an antiviral immune response in the brain PloS one, 2011; 6(8): e23523.
Flotte Terence R, Frederickson Robert M, Lowenstein Pedro R, Mueller Christian   Moving forward toward a cure for Parkinson's: neuropathology of the nigrostriatal pathway determines the location of growth factor delivery Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2011; 19(5): 827-9.
Candolfi Marianela, Kroeger Kurt M, Xiong Weidong, Liu Chunyan, Puntel Mariana, Yagiz Kader, Muhammad Akm Ghulam, Mineharu Yohei, Foulad David, Wibowo Mia, Assi Hikmat, Baker Gregory J, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Targeted toxins for glioblastoma multiforme: pre-clinical studies and clinical implementation Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry, 2011; 11(8): 729-38.
Puntel Mariana, Muhammad A K M G, Candolfi Marianela, Salem Alireza, Yagiz Kader, Farrokhi Catherine, Kroeger Kurt M, Xiong Weidong, Curtin James F, Liu Chunyan, Bondale Niyati S, Lerner Jonathan, Pechnick Robert N, Palmer Donna, Ng Philip, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   A novel bicistronic high-capacity gutless adenovirus vector that drives constitutive expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase and tet-inducible expression of Flt3L for glioma therapeutics Journal of virology, 2010; 84(12): 6007-17.
Pluhar G Elizabeth, Grogan Patrick T, Seiler Charlie, Goulart Michelle, Santacruz Karen S, Carlson Cathy, Chen Wei, Olin Mike R, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G, Haines Stephen J, Ohlfest John R   Anti-tumor immune response correlates with neurological symptoms in a dog with spontaneous astrocytoma treated by gene and vaccine therapy Vaccine, 2010; 28(19): 3371-8.
Lowenstein Pedro R   Cancer vaccines in glioma: how to balance the challenges of small trials, efficiency, and potential adverse events Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2010; 28(31): 4670-3.
Larocque Daniel, Sanderson Nicholas S R, Bergeron Josée, Curtin James F, Girton Joe, Wibowo Mia, Bondale Niyati, Kroeger Kurt M, Yang Jieping, Lacayo Liliana M, Reyes Kevin C, Farrokhi Catherine, Pechnick Robert N, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   Exogenous fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand overrides brain immune privilege and facilitates recognition of a neo-antigen without causing autoimmune neuropathology Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010; 107(32): 14443-8.
Kroeger Kurt M, Muhammad A K M Ghulam, Baker Gregory J, Assi Hikmat, Wibowo Mia K, Xiong Weidong, Yagiz Kader, Candolfi Marianela, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Gene therapy and virotherapy: novel therapeutic approaches for brain tumors Discovery medicine, 2010; 10(53): 293-304.
Candolfi Marianela, Xiong Weidong, Yagiz Kader, Liu Chunyan, Muhammad A K M G, Puntel Mariana, Foulad David, Zadmehr Ali, Ahlzadeh Gabrielle E, Kroeger Kurt M, Tesarfreund Matthew, Lee Sharon, Debinski Waldemar, Sareen Dhruv, Svendsen Clive N, Rodriguez Ron, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Gene therapy-mediated delivery of targeted cytotoxins for glioma therapeutics Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010; 107(46): 20021-6.
Puntel Mariana, Kroeger Kurt M, Sanderson Nicholas S R, Thomas Clare E, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   Gene transfer into rat brain using adenoviral vectors Current protocols in neuroscience / editorial board, Jacqueline N. Crawley ... [et al.], 2010; Chapter 4(19): Unit 4.24.
Xiong Weidong, Candolfi Marianela, Liu Chunyan, Muhammad A K M Ghulam, Yagiz Kader, Puntel Mariana, Moore Peter F, Avalos Julie, Young John D, Khan Dorothy, Donelson Randy, Pluhar G Elizabeth, Ohlfest John R, Wawrowsky Kolja, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Human Flt3L generates dendritic cells from canine peripheral blood precursors: implications for a dog glioma clinical trial PloS one, 2010; 5(6): e11074.
Vit Jean-Philippe, Ohara Peter T, Sundberg Christopher, Rubi Blanca, Maechler Pierre, Liu Chunyan, Puntel Mariana, Lowenstein Pedro, Castro Maria, Jasmin Luc   Adenovector GAD65 gene delivery into the rat trigeminal ganglion produces orofacial analgesia Molecular pain, 2009; 5(5): 42.
Ghulam Muhammad A K M, Candolfi Marianela, King Gwendalyn D, Yagiz Kader, Foulad David, Mineharu Yohei, Kroeger Kurt M, Treuer Katherine A, Nichols W Stephen, Sanderson Nicholas S, Yang Jieping, Khayznikov Maksim, Van Rooijen Nico, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Antiglioma immunological memory in response to conditional cytotoxic/immune-stimulatory gene therapy: humoral and cellular immunity lead to tumor regression Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2009; 15(19): 6113-27.
Lowenstein Pedro R, Lowenstein Elijah D, Castro Maria G   Challenges in the evaluation, consent, ethics and history of early clinical trials - Implications of the Tuskegee 'trial' for safer and more ethical clinical trials Current opinion in molecular therapeutics, 2009; 11(5): 481-4.
Lowenstein Pedro R   Crossing the rubicon Nature biotechnology, 2009; 27(1): 42-4.
Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   Gene therapy continues to make progress: clinical and regulatory perspectives Current gene therapy, 2009; 9(5): 327-8.
Candolfi Marianela, Kroeger Kurt M, Muhammad A K M G, Yagiz Kader, Farrokhi Catherine, Pechnick Robert N, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Gene therapy for brain cancer: combination therapies provide enhanced efficacy and safety Current gene therapy, 2009; 9(5): 409-21.
Curtin James F, Liu Naiyou, Candolfi Marianela, Xiong Weidong, Assi Hikmat, Yagiz Kader, Edwards Matthew R, Michelsen Kathrin S, Kroeger Kurt M, Liu Chunyan, Muhammad A K M Ghulam, Clark Mary C, Arditi Moshe, Comin-Anduix Begonya, Ribas Antoni, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   HMGB1 mediates endogenous TLR2 activation and brain tumor regression PLoS medicine, 2009; 6(1): e10.
Barcia Carlos, Gómez Aurora, Gallego-Sanchez José M, Perez-Vallés Ana, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R, Barcia Carlos, Herrero Maria-Trinidad   Infiltrating CTLs in human glioblastoma establish immunological synapses with tumorigenic cells The American journal of pathology, 2009; 175(2): 786-98.
Candolfi Marianela, Yagiz Kader, Foulad David, Alzadeh Gabrielle E, Tesarfreund Matthew, Muhammad A K M Ghulam, Puntel Mariana, Kroeger Kurt M, Liu Chunyan, Lee Sharon, Curtin James F, King Gwendalyn D, Lerner Jonathan, Sato Katsuaki, Mineharu Yohei, Xiong Weidong, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Release of HMGB1 in response to proapoptotic glioma killing strategies: efficacy and neurotoxicity Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2009; 15(13): 4401-14.
Lowenstein Pedro R   Risk in clinical research: size matters! Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2009; 17(11): 1833-4.
Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Uncertainty in the translation of preclinical experiments to clinical trials. Why do most phase III clinical trials fail? Current gene therapy, 2009; 9(5): 368-74.
Lowenstein Pedro R   A call for physiopathological ethics Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2008; 16(11): 1771-2.
Barcia Carlos, Gomez Aurora, de Pablos Vicente, Fernández-Villalba Emiliano, Liu Chunyan, Kroeger Kurt M, Martín Javier, Barreiro Andrés Fernández, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R, Herrero Maria-Trinidad   CD20, CD3, and CD40 ligand microclusters segregate three-dimensionally in vivo at B-cell-T-cell immunological synapses after viral immunity in primate brain Journal of virology, 2008; 82(20): 9978-93.
Lowenstein Pedro R   Clinical trials in gene therapy: ethics of informed consent and the future of experimental medicine Current opinion in molecular therapeutics, 2008; 10(5): 428-30.
King Gwendalyn D, Muhammad A K M Ghulam, Curtin James F, Barcia Carlos, Puntel Mariana, Liu Chunyan, Honig Sarah B, Candolfi Marianela, Mondkar Sonali, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Flt3L and TK gene therapy eradicate multifocal glioma in a syngeneic glioblastoma model Neuro-oncology, 2008; 10(1): 19-31.
King Gwendalyn D, Kroeger Kurt M, Bresee Catherine J, Candolfi Marianela, Liu Chunyan, Manalo Charlene M, Muhammad A K M Ghulam, Pechnick Robert N, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Flt3L in combination with HSV1-TK-mediated gene therapy reverses brain tumor-induced behavioral deficits Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2008; 16(4): 682-90.
Schubert Manfred, Breakefield Xandra, Federoff Howard, Frederickson Robert M, Lowenstein Pedro R   Gene delivery to the nervous system Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2008; 16(4): 640-6.
Southgate Thomas, Kroeger Kurt M, Liu Chunyan, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Gene transfer into neural cells in vitro using adenoviral vectors Current protocols in neuroscience / editorial board, Jacqueline N. Crawley ... [et al.], 2008; Chapter 4(5): Unit 4.23.
King Gwendalyn D, Muhammad A K M Ghulam, Xiong Weidong, Kroeger Kurt M, Puntel Mariana, Larocque Daniel, Palmer Donna, Ng Philip, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   High-capacity adenovirus vector-mediated anti-glioma gene therapy in the presence of systemic antiadenovirus immunity Journal of virology, 2008; 82(9): 4680-4.
Xiong Weidong, Candolfi Marianela, Kroeger Kurt M, Puntel Mariana, Mondkar Sonali, Larocque Daniel, Liu Chunyan, Curtin James F, Palmer Donna, Ng Philip, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Immunization against the transgene but not the TetON switch reduces expression from gutless adenoviral vectors in the brain Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2008; 16(2): 343-51.
Barcia C, Wawrowsky K, Barrett RJ, Liu C, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR.   In Vivo Polarization of IFN-{gamma} at Kupfer and Non-Kupfer Immunological Synapses during the Clearance of Virally Infected Brain Cells, Journal of Immunology, 2008; 3(180): 1344-1352.
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Barcia Carlos, Wawrowsky Kolja, Barrett Robert J, Liu Chunyan, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   In vivo polarization of IFN-gamma at Kupfer and non-Kupfer immunological synapses during the clearance of virally infected brain cells Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2008; 180(3): 1344-52.
Curtin James F, Candolfi Marianela, Puntel Mariana, Xiong Weidong, Muhammad A K M, Kroeger Kurt, Mondkar Sonali, Liu Chunyan, Bondale Niyati, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Regulated expression of adenoviral vectors-based gene therapies: therapeutic expression of toxins and immune-modulators Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2008; 434(1): 239-66.
Barcia Carlos, Sanderson Nicholas S R, Barrett Robert J, Wawrowsky Kolja, Kroeger Kurt M, Puntel Mariana, Liu Chunyan, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   T cells' immunological synapses induce polarization of brain astrocytes in vivo and in vitro: a novel astrocyte response mechanism to cellular injury PloS one, 2008; 3(8): e2977.
Curtin James F, Candolfi Marianela, Fakhouri Tamer M, Liu Chunyan, Alden Anderson, Edwards Matthew, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Treg depletion inhibits efficacy of cancer immunotherapy: implications for clinical trials PloS one, 2008; 3(4): e1983.
Curtin F.James , Marianela Candolfi, Weidong Xiong, Pedro R. Lowenstein, and Maria G. Castro   Turning the gene tap off; implications of regulating gene expression for cancer therapeutics, Mol Cancer Ther, 2008; 3(7): .
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Curtin James F, Candolfi Marianela, Xiong Weidong, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Turning the gene tap off; implications of regulating gene expression for cancer therapeutics Molecular cancer therapeutics, 2008; 7(3): 439-48.
Lowenstein Pedro R   With a little help from my f(X)riends!: the basis of Ad5-mediated transduction of the liver revealed Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2008; 16(6): 1004-6.
Candolfi Marianela, Kroeger Kurt M, Pluhar G Elizabeth, Bergeron Josee, Puntel Mariana, Curtin James F, McNiel Elizabeth A, Freese Andrew B, Ohlfest John R, Moore Peter, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer into the canine brain in vivo Neurosurgery, 2007; 60(1): 167-77; discussion 178.
Oh Seunguk, Pluhar G Elizabeth, McNeil Elizabeth A, Kroeger Kurt M, Liu Chunyan, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R, Freese Andrew, Ohlfest John R   Efficacy of nonviral gene transfer in the canine brain Journal of neurosurgery, 2007; 107(1): 136-44.
Lowenstein Pedro R, Mandel Ronald J, Xiong Wei-Dong, Kroeger Kurt, Castro Maria G   Immune responses to adenovirus and adeno-associated vectors used for gene therapy of brain diseases: the role of immunological synapses in understanding the cell biology of neuroimmune interactions Current gene therapy, 2007; 7(5): 347-60.
Lowenstein Pedro R, Kroeger Kurt, Castro Maria G   Immunology of neurological gene therapy: how T cells modulate viral vector-mediated therapeutic transgene expression through immunological synapses Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2007; 4(4): 715-24.
Oh Seunguk, Odland Rick, Wilson Scott R, Kroeger Kurt M, Liu Chunyan, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G, Hall Walter A, Ohlfest John R   Improved distribution of small molecules and viral vectors in the murine brain using a hollow fiber catheter Journal of neurosurgery, 2007; 107(3): 568-77.
Candolfi Marianela, Curtin James F, Nichols W Stephen, Muhammad Akm G, King Gwendalyn D, Pluhar G Elizabeth, McNiel Elizabeth A, Ohlfest John R, Freese Andrew B, Moore Peter F, Lerner Jonathan, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Intracranial glioblastoma models in preclinical neuro-oncology: neuropathological characterization and tumor progression Journal of neuro-oncology, 2007; 85(2): 133-48.
Barcia C, Jimenez-Dalmaroni M, Kroeger KM, Puntel M, Rapaport AJ, Larocque D, King GD, Johnson SA, Liu C, Xiong W, Candolfi M, Mondkar S, Ng P, Palmer D, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR.   One-year expression from high-capacity adenoviral vectors in the brains of animals with pre-existing anti-adenoviral immunity: clinical implications, Molecular Therapy, 2007; 12(15): 2154-63.
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Barcia Carlos, Jimenez-Dalmaroni Maximiliano, Kroeger Kurt M, Puntel Mariana, Rapaport Alison J, Larocque Daniel, King Gwendalyn D, Johnson Stephen A, Liu Chunyan, Xiong Weidong, Candolfi Marianela, Mondkar Sonali, Ng Philip, Palmer Donna, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   One-year expression from high-capacity adenoviral vectors in the brains of animals with pre-existing anti-adenoviral immunity: clinical implications Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2007; 15(12): 2154-63.
Candolfi Marianela, Pluhar G Elizabeth, Kroeger Kurt, Puntel Mariana, Curtin James, Barcia Carlos, Muhammad A K M Ghulam, Xiong Weidong, Liu Chunyan, Mondkar Sonali, Kuoy William, Kang Terry, McNeil Elizabeth A, Freese Andrew B, Ohlfest John R, Moore Peter, Palmer Donna, Ng Phillip, Young John D, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Optimization of adenoviral vector-mediated transgene expression in the canine brain in vivo, and in canine glioma cells in vitro Neuro-oncology, 2007; 9(3): 245-58.
Candolfi Marianela, Curtin James F, Xiong Wei-Dong, Kroeger Kurt M, Liu Chunyan, Rentsendorj Altan, Agadjanian Hasmik, Medina-Kauwe Lali, Palmer Donna, Ng Philip, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Effective high-capacity gutless adenoviral vectors mediate transgene expression in human glioma cells Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2006; 14(3): 371-81.
Curtin JF, King GD, Barcia C, Liu C, Hubert FX, Guillonneau C, Josien R, Anegon I, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG.   Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand recruits plasmacytoid dendritic cells to the brain Journal of Immunology, 2006; 6(176): 3566-77.
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Curtin James F, King Gwendalyn D, Barcia Carlos, Liu Chunyan, Hubert François X, Guillonneau Carole, Josien Régis, Anegon Ignacio, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand recruits plasmacytoid dendritic cells to the brain Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2006; 176(6): 3566-77.
Zirger Jeffrey M, Liu Chunyan, Barcia Carlos, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   Immune regulation of transgene expression in the brain: B cells regulate an early phase of elimination of transgene expression from adenoviral vectors Viral immunology, 2006; 19(3): 508-17.
Zirger JM, Liu C, Barcia C, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR.   Immune regulation of transgene expression in the brain: B cells regulate an early phase of elimination of transgene expression from adenoviral vectors Viral Immunology, 2006; 3(19): 508-17.
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Barcia Carlos, Gerdes Christian, Xiong Wei-Dong, Thomas Clare E, Liu Chunyan, Kroeger Kurt M, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   Immunological thresholds in neurological gene therapy: highly efficient elimination of transduced cells might be related to the specific formation of immunological synapses between T cells and virus-infected brain cells Neuron glia biology, 2006; 2(4): 309-22.
Barcia C, Thomas CE, Curtin JF, King GD, Wawrowsky K, Candolfi M, Xiong WD, Liu C, Kroeger K, Boyer O, Kupiec-Weglinski J, Klatzmann D, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR.   In vivo mature immunological synapses forming SMACs mediate clearance of virally infected astrocytes from the brain Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2006; 9(203): 2095-107.
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Barcia Carlos, Thomas Clare E, Curtin James F, King Gwendalyn D, Wawrowsky Kolja, Candolfi Marianela, Xiong Wei-Dong, Liu Chunyan, Kroeger Kurt, Boyer Olivier, Kupiec-Weglinski Jerzy, Klatzmann David, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   In vivo mature immunological synapses forming SMACs mediate clearance of virally infected astrocytes from the brain The Journal of experimental medicine, 2006; 203(9): 2095-107.
Zirger Jeffrey M, Barcia Carlos, Liu Chunyan, Puntel Mariana, Mitchell Ngan, Campbell Iain, Castro Maria, Lowenstein Pedro R   Rapid upregulation of interferon-regulated and chemokine mRNAs upon injection of 108 international units, but not lower doses, of adenoviral vectors into the brain Journal of virology, 2006; 80(11): 5655-9.
Zirger JM, Barcia C, Liu C, Puntel M, Mitchell N, Campbell I, Castro M, Lowenstein PR.   Rapid upregulation of interferon-regulated and chemokine mRNAs upon injection of 108 international units, but not lower doses, of adenoviral vectors into the brain Journal of Virology, 2006; 11(80): 5655-9.
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Xiong Weidong, Goverdhana Shyam, Sciascia Sandra A, Candolfi Marianela, Zirger Jeffrey M, Barcia Carlos, Curtin James F, King Gwendalyn D, Jaita Gabriela, Liu Chunyan, Kroeger Kurt, Agadjanian Hasmik, Medina-Kauwe Lali, Palmer Donna, Ng Philip, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Regulatable gutless adenovirus vectors sustain inducible transgene expression in the brain in the presence of an immune response against adenoviruses Journal of virology, 2006; 80(1): 27-37.
Ali Sumia, King Gwendalyn D, Curtin James F, Candolfi Marianela, Xiong Weidong, Liu Chunyan, Puntel Mariana, Cheng Queng, Prieto Jesus, Ribas Antoni, Kupiec-Weglinski Jerzy, van Rooijen Nico, Lassmann Hans, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Combined immunostimulation and conditional cytotoxic gene therapy provide long-term survival in a large glioma model Cancer research, 2005; 65(16): 7194-204.
Ali S, King GD, Curtin JF, Candolfi M, Xiong W, Liu C, Puntel M, Cheng Q, Prieto J, Ribas A, Kupiec-Weglinski J, van Rooijen N, Lassmann H, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG.   Combined immunostimulation and conditional cytotoxic gene therapy provide long-term survival in a large glioma model Cancer Research, 2005; 16(65): 7194-204.
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Curtin James F, King Gwendalyn D, Candolfi Marianela, Greeno Remy B, Kroeger Kurt M, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Combining cytotoxic and immune-mediated gene therapy to treat brain tumors Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2005; 5(12): 1151-70.
Domingo E, Pariente N, Airaksinen A, Gonzalez-Lopez C, Sierra S, Herrera M, Grande-Perez A, Lowenstein PR, Manrubia SC, Lazaro E, Escarmis C.   Foot-and-mouth disease virus evolution: exploring pathways towards virus extinction Current Topic Microbiology and Immunology, 2005; 288: 149-73.
King Gwendalyn D, Curtin James F, Candolfi Marianela, Kroeger Kurt, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Gene therapy and targeted toxins for glioma Current gene therapy, 2005; 5(6): 535-57.
Jacobs AH, Winkler A, Castro MG, Lowenstein P.   Human gene therapy and imaging in neurological diseases Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2005; (32): S358-83.
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Jacobs Andreas H, Winkler Alexandra, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro   Human gene therapy and imaging in neurological diseases European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2005; 32 Suppl 2(6): S358-83.
Grande-Perez A, Gomez-Mariano G, Lowenstein PR, Domingo E.   Mutagenesis-induced, large fitness variations with an invariant arenavirus consensus genomic nucleotide sequence Journal of Virology, 2005; 16(79): 10451-9.
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Iannacone Matteo, Sitia Giovanni, Isogawa Masanori, Marchese Patrizia, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R, Chisari Francis V, Ruggeri Zaverio M, Guidotti Luca G   Platelets mediate cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced liver damage Nature medicine, 2005; 11(11): 1167-9.
Iannacone M, Sitia G, Isogawa M, Marchese P, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR, Chisari FV, Ruggeri ZM, Guidotti LG.   Platelets mediate cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced liver damage Nature Medicine, 2005; 11(11): 1167-9.
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Abordo-Adesida E, Follenzi A, Barcia C, Sciascia S, Castro MG, Naldini L, Lowenstein PR.   Stability of lentiviral vector-mediated transgene expression in the brain in the presence of systemic antivector immune responses Human Gene Therapy, 2005; 6(16): 741-54.
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Abordo-Adesida Evelyn, Follenzi Antonia, Barcia Carlos, Sciascia Sandra, Castro Maria G, Naldini Luigi, Lowenstein Pedro R   Stability of lentiviral vector-mediated transgene expression in the brain in the presence of systemic antivector immune responses Human gene therapy, 2005; 16(6): 741-51.
Grande-Perez A, Lazaro E, Lowenstein P, Domingo E, Manrubia SC   Suppression of viral infectivity through lethal defection PNAS, 2005; 102(12): 448-4452.
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Dorigo Oliver, Gil Jose S, Gallaher Sean D, Tan Brenton T, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R, Calos Michele P, Berk Arnold J   Development of a novel helper-dependent adenovirus-Epstein-Barr virus hybrid system for the stable transformation of mammalian cells Journal of virology, 2004; 78(12): 6556-66.
Dorigo O, Gil JS, Gallaher SD, Tan BT, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR, Calos MP, Berk AJ   Development of a novel helper-dependent adenovirus-Epstein-Barr virus hybrid system for the stable transformation of mammalian cells Journal of virology. , 2004; 78(12): 6556-66.
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Biglari Alireza, Bataille Dominique, Naumann Ulrike, Weller Michael, Zirger Jeffrey, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   Effects of ectopic decorin in modulating intracranial glioma progression in vivo, in a rat syngeneic model Cancer gene therapy, 2004; 11(11): 721-32.
Ke Bibo, Shen Xiu-Da, Gao Feng, Busuttil Ronald W, Löwenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G, Kupiec-Weglinski Jerzy W   Gene therapy for liver transplantation using adenoviral vectors: CD40-CD154 blockade by gene transfer of CD40Ig protects rat livers from cold ischemia and reperfusion injury Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2004; 9(1): 38-45.
Ali Sumia, Curtin James F, Zirger Jeffrey M, Xiong Weidong, King Gwendalyn D, Barcia Carlos, Liu Chunyan, Puntel Mariana, Goverdhana Shyam, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Inflammatory and anti-glioma effects of an adenovirus expressing human soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (hsFlt3L): treatment with hsFlt3L inhibits intracranial glioma progression Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2004; 10(6): 1071-84.
Lowenstein Pedro R   Input virion proteins: cryptic targets of antivector immune responses in preimmunized subjects Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2004; 9(6): 771-4.
Lowenstein Pedro Ricardo, Castro Maria Graciela   Recent advances in the pharmacology of neurological gene therapy Current opinion in pharmacology, 2004; 4(1): 91-7.
Guillot Cecile, Ménoret Séverine, Guillonneau Carole, Braudeau Cécile, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro, Anegon Ignacio   Active suppression of allogeneic proliferative responses by dendritic cells after induction of long-term allograft survival by CTLA4Ig Blood, 2003; 101(8): 3325-33.
Stone Daniel, Xiong Weidong, Williams Judith C, David Anne, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Adenovirus expression of IL-1 and NF-kappaB inhibitors does not inhibit acute adenoviral-induced brain inflammation, but delays immune system-mediated elimination of transgene expression Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2003; 8(3): 400-11.
Kingston Paul A, Sinha Sanjay, Appleby Clare E, David Anne, Verakis Thomas, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R, Heagerty Anthony M   Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of transforming growth factor-beta3, but not transforming growth factor-beta1, inhibits constrictive remodeling and reduces luminal loss after coronary angioplasty Circulation, 2003; 108(22): 2819-25.
Castro Maria, Goverdhana Shyam, Hu Jinwei, Jovel Nelson, Yuan Xiangpeng, Lowenstein Pedro   Gene therapy for pituitary tumors: from preclinical models to clinical implementation Frontiers in neuroendocrinology, 2003; 24(1): 62-77.
Lowenstein Pedro R, Suwelack Donata, Hu Jinwei, Yuan Xianpeng, Jimenez-Dalmaroni Maximiliano, Goverdhana Shyam, Castro Maria G   Nonneurotropic adenovirus: a vector for gene transfer to the brain and gene therapy of neurological disorders International review of neurobiology, 2003; 55(1): 3-64.
Solly Sounkary K, Trajcevski Stephane, Frisén Charlotte, Holzer Georg W, Nelson Elisabeth, Clerc Béatrice, Abordo-Adesida Evelyn, Castro Maria, Lowenstein Pedro, Klatzmann David   Replicative retroviral vectors for cancer gene therapy Cancer gene therapy, 2003; 10(1): 30-9.
Hurtado-Lorenzo Andres, David Anne, Thomas Clare, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   Use of recombinant adenovirus for gene transfer into the rat brain. Evaluation of gene transfer efficiency, toxicity, and inflammatory and immune reactions Methods in molecular medicine, 2003; 76(1): 113-33.
Thomas Clare E, Edwards Penny, Wickham Thomas J, Castro Maria G, Lowenstein Pedro R   Adenovirus binding to the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor or integrins is not required to elicit brain inflammation but is necessary to transduce specific neural cell types Journal of virology, 2002; 76(7): 3452-60.
Cowen Rachel L, Williams Judith C, Emery Steve, Blakey David, Darling John L, Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Adenovirus vector-mediated delivery of the prodrug-converting enzyme carboxypeptidase G2 in a secreted or GPI-anchored form: High-level expression of this active conditional cytotoxic enzyme at the plasma membrane Cancer gene therapy, 2002; 9(11): 897-907.
Lowenstein Pedro R.   Dendritic cells and immune responses in the central nervous system Trends in immunology, 2002; 23(2): 70.
Lowenstein Pedro R   Immunology of viral-vector-mediated gene transfer into the brain: an evolutionary and developmental perspective Trends in immunology, 2002; 23(1): 23-30.
Grande-Perez A, Sierra S, Castro MG, Domingo E, Lowenstein PR.   Molecular indetermination in the transition to error catastrophe: systematic elimination of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus through mutagenesis does not correlate linearly with large increases in mutant spectrum complexity PNAS, 2002; 99(20): 1238-1243.
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Lowenstein Pedro R, Castro Maria G   Progress and challenges in viral vector-mediated gene transfer to the brain Current opinion in molecular therapeutics, 2002; 4(4): 359-71.
Guillot Cécile, Guillonneau Carole, Mathieu Patrick, Gerdes Christian A, Ménoret Séverine, Braudeau Cécile, Tesson Laurent, Renaudin Karine, Castro Maria G, Löwenstein Pedro R, Anegon Ignacio   Prolonged blockade of CD40-CD40 ligand interactions by gene transfer of CD40Ig results in long-term heart allograft survival and donor-specific hyporesponsiveness, but does not prevent chronic rejection Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2002; 168(4): 1600-9.
Umana P, Gerdes CA, Stone D, Davis JR, Ward D, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR.   Efficient FLPe recombinase enables scalable production of helper-dependent adenoviral vectors with negligible helper-virus contamination Nat Biotechnol, 2001; 19(6): 582-5.
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Thomas CE, Schiedner G, Kochanek S, Castro M, Lowenstein PR.   Peripheral infection with adenovirus causes unexpected long-term brain inflammation in animals injected intracranially with first-generation, but not with high-capacity, adenovirus vectors: Toward realistic long-term neurological gene therapy for chronic diseases PNAS, 2000; 97(13): 7482-7487.
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Dewey RA, Morrissey G, Cowsill CM, Stone D, Bolognani F, Dodd NJ, Southgate TD, Klatzmann D, Lassmann H, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR.   Chronic brain inflammation and persistent herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase expression in survivors of syngeneic glioma treated by adenovirus-mediated gene therapy: implications for clinical trials Nat Med. , 1999; 5(11): 1256-63.
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