Gal Bitan, Ph.D.


Work Titles
UCLA Professor In-Residence, Neurology Member, Biochemistry, Biophysics & Structural Biology GPB Home Area Member, Brain Research Institute Member, Molecular Pharmacology GPB Home Area Member, Neuroscience GPB Home Area
Education:
Degrees:
Ph.D., Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1990 - 1996

Contact Information:

Work Phone Number:

310-206 2082

Mailing Address:

635 Charles E Young Drive South
Los Angeles, CA 90095


Detailed Biography:

Gal Bitan got his PhD in organic chemistry from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Dr. Bitan's graduate work on unnatural amino acids and non-conventional peptide cyclization methodologies led him to postdoctoral studies on the structural biology of ligand-receptor systems including integrins and G protein-coupled receptors at Clark University, Worcester, MA and Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Dr. Bitan then moved on to tackle the problem of protein misfolding and aggregation, which is involved in over 30 devastating diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, prion diseases (e.g., Mad Cow disease), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gherig's disease), and type II diabetes. Working at Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Dr. Bitan has made fundamental contributions to the study of early events in the pathologic cascades that cause Alzheimer's disease. In Alzheimer's disease, the amyloid ß-protein (Aß) self-associates to form a variety of oligomeric and polymeric structures with potent neurotoxic activities. In particular, Aß oligomers have been implicated as the probable cause of Alzheimer's disease. Dr. Bitan introduced the use of novel photochemical protein cross-linking techniques for investigation of Aß assembly and discovered one of the earliest oligomers in the assembly cascade, the paranucleus. In 2004, Dr. Bitan joined UCLA where he is currently a Professor of Neurology. His research program is focused on translational science geared at developing novel, mechanism-based diagnostic and therapeutic tools for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Publications:

A selected list of publications:

S Dutta, S Hornung, HB Taha, K Biggs, I Siddique, LM Chamoun, H Shahpasand-Kroner, C Lantz, M Herrera-Vaquero, N Stefanova, JA Loo, and G Bitan   Development of a Novel Electrochemiluminescence ELISA for Quantification of α‐Synuclein Phosphorylated at Ser129 in Biological Samples ACS Chem. Neurosci, 2023; DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00676.
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S Dutta, M Sklerov, CE Teunissen, and G Bitan   Editorial: Trends in Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Research and Future Perspectives Front. Aging Neurosci, 2023; 15: 1153932.
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H Shahpasand-Kroner*, I Siddique*, R Malik, G Linares, MI Ivanova, J Ichida, T Weil, J Münch, E Sanchez-Garcia, F-Gerrit Klärner, T Schrader and G Bitan   Molecular tweezers - supramolecular hosts with broad-spectrum biological applications Pharmacol. Rev, 2023; 75: 263-308.
HB Taha, S Hornung, S Dutta, L Fenwick, O Lahgui, K Howe, N Elabed, I Del Rosario, DY Wong, A Duarte Folle, D Markovic, J-A Palma, UJ Kang, RN Alcalay, M Sklerov, H Kaufmann, BL Fogel, JM Bronstein, B Ritz, and G Bitan   Toward a Biomarker Panel measured in CNS-originating Extracellular Vesicles for Improved Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple System Atrophy Transl. Neurodegener, 2023; 12(14): DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00346-0.
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KN Maina, C Smet-Nocca, and G Bitan   Using FRET-Based Biosensor Cells to Study the Seeding Activity of Tau and α-Synuclein Methods Mol. Biol, 2023; 2551: 125-145.
HB Taha, B Kearny, and G Bitan   A minute fraction of α-synuclein in extracellular vesicles may be a major contributor to α-synuclein spreading following autophagy inhibition Frontiers Mol. Neurosci, 2022; 15: 1001382.
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K Murakami, N Izuo, and G Bitan   Aptamers targeting amyloidogenic proteins and their emerging role in neurodegenerative diseases J. Biol. Chem, 2022; 298(1): 101478.
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S Dutta, SB Nimse, K van Keuren-Jensen, and G Bitan   Editorial: Exosomes: Message in a Vesicle Front. Pharmacol, 2022; 13: 1018928.
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H Shahpasand-Kroner, J Portillo, C Lantz, PM Seidler, N Sarafian, JA Loo, and G Bitan   Three-repeat and four-repeat tau isoforms form different oligomers Prot. Sci, 2022; 31: 613-627.
J-A Palma, J Martinez, PM Vernetti, T Ma, MA. Perez, J Zhong, Y Qian, S Dutta, KN. Maina, I Siddique, G Bitan, B Ades-Aron, TM. Shepherd, UJ Kang, and H Kaufmann   mTOR Inhibition with Sirolimus in Multiple System Atrophy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Futility Trial and 1-Year Biomarker Longitudinal Analysis Mov. Disord, 2022; 37(4): 778-789.
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R Malishev, N Salinas, J Gibson, AB Eden, J Mieres-Perez, Y Ruiz-Blanco, O Malka, S Kolusheva, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, E Sanchez-Garcia, C Wang, M Landau, G Bitan, and R Jelinek   Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-forming functional amyloid by molecular tweezers Cell Chem. Biol, 2021; 28(9): 1310-1320.e5.
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Z Li, I Siddique, I Hadrović, A Kirupakaran, J. Li, Y. Zhang, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, and G Bitan   Lysine-selective molecular tweezers are cell-penetrant a concentrate in lysosomes Commun. Biol, 2021; 4: 1076.
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Di Jing, Siddique Ibrar, Li Zizheng, Malki Ghattas, Hornung Simon, Dutta Suman, Hurst Ian, Ishaaya Ella, Wang Austin, Tu Sally, Boghos Ani, Ericsson Ida, Klärner Frank-Gerrit, Schrader Thomas, Bitan Gal   The molecular tweezer CLR01 improves behavioral deficits and reduces tau pathology in P301S-tau transgenic mice Alzheimer Res. Ther, 2021; 13(1): 6.
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S Dutta, S Hornung, A Kruayatidee, KN Maina, I del Rosario, KC Paul, D Wong, A Duarte Folle, D Markovic, J-A Palma, GE Serrano, CH Adler, SL Perlman, WW Poon, UJ Kang, RN Alcalay, M Sklerov, KH Gylys, H Kaufmann, BL Fogel, JM Bronstein, B Ritz, and G Bitan   α-Synuclein in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers distinguishes Parkinson’s disease from multiple system atrophy Acta Neuropathol, 2021; 142(3): 495-511.
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S Hornung, S Dutta, and G Bitan   Brain-derived blood exosomes as a promising source of biomarkers: opportunities and challenges Frontiers Mol. Neurosci, 2020; 13: 38.
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N Bengoa-Vergniory, E Faggiani, P Ramos-Gonzalez, E Kirkiz, N Connor-Robson, LV Brown, I Siddique, Z Li, S Vingill, M Cioroch, F Cavaliere, S Threlfell, B Roberts, T Schrader, F-G Klärner, S Cragg, B Dehay, G Bitan, C Matute, E Bezard and R Wade-Martins   CLR01 protects dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo in human neurons and mouse models of Parkinson’s Nat. Commun, 2020; 11(1): 4885.
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AJ Mason, I Hurst, R Malik, I Solomonov, I Sagi, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, and G Bitan   Different inhibitors of Aβ42-induced toxicity have distinct metal-ion dependency ACS Chem. Neurosci, 2020; 11(15): 2243–2255.
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R Malik, C Corrales, M Linsenmeier, H Alalami, N Sepanj, and G Bitan   Examination of SOD1 aggregation modulators and their potential toxicity in vitro FASEB J, 2020; 34: 11957-11969.
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T Weil, R Groß, A Röcker, K Bravo-Rodriguez, C Heid, A Sowislok, M-H Le, N Erwin, M Dwivedi, S Bart, P Bates, L Wettstein, J Müller, M Harms, K Sparrer, Y Ruiz-Blanco, C Stuerzel, J von Einem, S Lippold, C Read, P Walther, M Hebel, F Kreppel, F-G Klärner, G Bitan, M Ehrmann, T Weil, R Winter, T Schrader, J Shorter, E Sanchez-Garcia, and J Münch   Supramolecular Mechanism of Viral Envelope Disruption by Molecular Tweezers J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2020; 142: 17024-17038.
A Monaco, V Maffia, NC Sorrentino, I Sambri, Y Ezhova, T Giuliano, V Cacace, E Nusco, M De Risi, E De Leonibus, T Schrader, F-G Klärner, G Bitan and A Fraldi   The amyloid self-assembly inhibitor CLR01 relieves autophagy and ameliorates neuropathology in a severe lysosomal storage disease Mol. Ther, 2020; 28: 1167-1176.
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G Bitan   The recent failure of the PROMESA clinical trial for multiple system atrophy raises the question—are polyphenols a viable therapeutic option against proteinopathies? Ann. Trans. Med, 2020; 8: 11.
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Z Yan, S Dutta, Z Liu, X Yu, N Mesgarzadeh, F Ji, G Bitan* and Y-H Xie*   A Label-free Platform for Unambiguous Cell-specific Identification of Exosomes ACS Sensors, 2019; 4: 488-497.
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WS Shin, J Di, Q Cao, B Li, PM Seidler, KA Murray, G Bitan, and L Jiang   Amyloid β-protein oligomer promote the uptake of tau fibril seeds potentiating intracellular tau aggregation Alz Res. Ther, 2019; 11: 86.
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WS Shin, J Di, KM Murray, C Sun, B Li, G Bitan, and L Jiang   Different amyloid-β self-assemblies have distinct effects on intracellular tau aggregation Frontiers Mol. Neurosci, 2019; 12: 268.
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G Bitan   Disease-modifying therapy for proteinopathies—can the exception become the rule? Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, Molecular Biology of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Visions for the Future, 2019; 168: 277-287.
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EY Hayden, J Putman, S Nunez, WS Shin, M Oberoi, M Charreton, S Dutta, Z Li, Y Komuro, MT Joy, G Bitan, A MacKenzie-Graham, L Jiang, and JD Hinman   Ischemic axonal injury up-regulates MARK4 in cortical neurons and primes tau phosphorylation and aggregation Acta Neuropathol. Commun, 2019; 7: 135.
C Despres, J Di, F-X Cantrelle, Z Li, I Huvent, B Chambraud, J Zhao, J Chen, S Chen, G Lippens, F Zhang, R Linhardt, C Wang, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, I Landrieu, G Bitan*, and Caroline Smet-Nocca*   Major differences between the self-assembly and seeding behavior of heparin-induced- and in-vitro-phosphorylated tau and their modulation by potential inhibitors ACS Chem. Biol, 2019; 14: 1363-1379.
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I Hadrovic, P Rebmann, F-G Klärner, G Bitan, and T Schrader   Molecular Tweezers Counteract Aberrant Protein Aggregation Frontiers Chem, 2019; 7: 657.
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R Malik, H Meng, P Wongkongkathep, CI Corrales, N Sepanj, SR Atlasi, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, MJ Spencer. JA Loo, M Wiedau-Pazos, and G Bitan   The molecular tweezer CLR01 inhibits aberrant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) self-assembly in vitro and in the G93A-SOD1 mouse model of ALS J. Biol. Chem, 2019; 294: 3501-3513.
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M Herrera-Vaquero, D Bouquio, M Kallab, K Biggs, G Nair, J Ochoa, W Poewe, GK Wenning, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, G Bitan*, and N Stefanova*   The molecular tweezer CLR01 reduces aggregated, pathologic, and seeding-competent α-synuclein in experimental multiple system atrophy BBA - Molecular Basis of Disease, 2019; 1865(11): 165513.
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RS Atlasi, R Malik, CI Corrales, L Tzeplaeff, JP Whitelegge, NR Cashman, and G Bitan   Investigation of anti-SOD1 antibodies yields new structural insight into SOD1 misfolding and surprising behavior of the antibodies themselves ACS Chem. Biol, 2018; 13(9): 2794–2807.
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M Nshanian, C Lantz, P Wongkongkathep, T Schrader, F-G Klärner, A Blümke, C Despres, M Ehrmann, C Smet-Nocca, G Bitan, and JA Loo   Native Top-Down Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility Spectrometry of the Interaction of Tau Protein with a Molecular Tweezer Assembly Modulator J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom, 2018; 30: 16-23.
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EY Hayden, JL Conovaloff, A Mason, G Bitan, and DB Teplow   Preparation of pure populations of amyloid β-protein oligomers of defined size Methods Mol. Biol, 2018; 1779: 3-12.
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RR Walsh, F Krismer, WR Galpern, GK Wenning, PA Low, G Halliday, WJ Koroshetz, J Holton, NP Quinn, O Rascol, LM Shaw, D Eidelberg, P Bower, JL Cummings, V Abler, J Biedenharn, G Bitan, DJ Brooks, P Brundin, H Fernandez, P Fortier, R Freeman, T Gasser, A Hewitt, GU Höglinger, MJ Huentelman, PH Jensen, A Jeromin, UJ Kang, H Kaufmann, L Kellerman, V Khurana, T Klockgether, WScott Kim, C Langer, P LeWitt, E Masliah, W Meissner, R Melki, S Ostrowitzki, S Piantadosi, W Poewe, D Robertson, C Roemer, D Schenk, M Schlossmacher, JD Schmahmann, K Seppi, L Shih, A Siderowf, GT Stebbins, N Stefanova, S Tsuji, S Sutton and J Zhang   Recommendations of the Global Multiple System Atrophy Research Roadmap Meeting Neurology, 2018; 90: 74-82.
AE Röcker, JA.Müller, E Dietzel, M Harms, F Krüger, C Heid, A Sowisolk, C Frich-Riber, A Kupke, S Lippold, J von Einem, J Beer, B Knöll, S Becker, J Schmidt-Chanasit, M Otto, O Vapalahti, AN Zelikin, G Bitan, T Schrader and J Münch   The molecular tweezer CLR01 inhibits Ebola and Zika virus infection Antiviral Res, 2018; 152: 26-35.
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R Malik, J Di, G Nair, A Attar, K Taylor, E Teng, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, and G Bitan   Using Molecular Tweezers to Remodel Abnormal Protein Self-Assembly and Inhibit the Toxicity of Amyloidogenic Proteins Methods Mol. Biol, 2018; 1777: 369-386.
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F Richter, I Magen, P Lee, S Subramaniam, J Hayes, A Attar, C Zhu, N Franich, N Bove, K De La Rosa, J Kwong, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, M- F Chesselet, and G Bitan   A molecular tweezer ameliorates motor deficits in mice overexpressing α-synuclein Neurotherapeutics, 2017; 14: 1107-1119.
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MU Daloglu, A Ray, Z Gorocs, M Xiong, R Malik, G Bitan, E McLeod, and A Ozcan   Computational On-Chip Imaging of Nanoparticles and Bio-molecules using Ultraviolet Light Sci. Reports, 2017; 7: 44157.
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T Vöpel, K Bravo-Rodriguez, S Mittal, S Vachharajani, D Gnutt, A Sharma, A Steinhoff, F Oluwaseun, G Ellrichmann, N Nshinian, C Heid, JA Loo, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, G Bitan, EE Wanker, S Ebbinghaus, and E Sanchez-Garcia   Inhibition of Huntingtin aggregation by the molecular tweezer CLR01 J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2017; 139: 5640–5643.
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N Xu, G Bitan, T Schrader, F-G Klärner, H Osinska, and J Robbins   Inhibition of Mutant αB Crystallin-Induced Protein Aggregation by a Molecular Tweezer J. Am. Heart Assoc, 2017; 6: e006182.
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EY Hayden, JL Conovaloff, A Mason, G Bitan, DB Teplow   Preparation of pure populations of covalently stabilized amyloid β-protein oligomers of specific sizes Anal. Biochem, 2017; 518: 78-85.
H Li, F Rahimi, and G Bitan   Modulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) assembly by homologous C-terminal fragments as a strategy for inhibiting Aβ toxicity ACS Chem. Neurosci, 2016; 7(7): 845-856.
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F. Rahimi, H. Li, S. Sinha, and G. Bitan   Modulators of Amyloid β-Protein (Aβ) Self-Assembly in: Developing Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease: Progress and Challenges, 2016; 97-191.
T Schrader, G Bitan, and F-G Klärner   Molecular Tweezers for Lysine and Arginine – Powerful Inhibitors of Pathologic Protein Aggregation Chem. Commun, 2016; 52(76): 11318-11334.
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A Lulla, L Barnhill, G Bitan, MI Ivanova, B Nguyen, K O’Donnell, MC. Stahl, C Yamashiro, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, A Sagasti, and JM Bronstein   Neurotoxicity of the Parkinson’s Disease-Associated Pesticide Ziram Is Synuclein-Dependent in Zebrafish Embryos Environ. Health Perspect, 2016; 124: 1766-1775.
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SM Fogerson, AJ van Brummen, DJ Busch, SR Allen, R Roychaudhuri, S Banks, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, G Bitan, and JR Morgan   Reducing synuclein accumulation after spinal cord injury improves neuronal survival and axon regeneration Exp. Neurol, 2016; 278: 105-115.
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E Lump, LM Castellano, C Meier, J Seeliger, N Erwin, B Sperlich, CM Stürzel, S Usmani, RM Hammond, J von Einem, G Gerold, F Kreppel, K Bravo-Rodriguez, T Pietschmann, VM Holmes, D Palesch, O Zirafi, D Weissman, A Sowislok, B Wettig, C Heid, F Kirchhoff, T Weil, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, G Bitan, E Sanchez-Garcia, R Winter, J Shorter, and Jan Münch   A molecular tweezer antagonizes seminal amyloids and HIV infection eLife, 2015; (4): e05397.
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X Zheng, D-Y Liu, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, G Bitan, and MT Bowers   Amyloid β-protein Assembly: The Effect of Molecular Tweezer CLR01 and CLR03 J. Phys. Chem. B, 2015; 119(14): 4831-4841.
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X Zheng, C Wu, D Liu, H Li, G Bitan, J-E Shea, and MT Bowers   Mechanism of C-Terminal Fragments of Amyloid β-Protein as Aβ Inhibitors: Do C-Terminal Interactions Play a Key Role in Their Inhibitory Activity? J. Phys. Chem. B, 2015; 120(8): 1615-1623.
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DHJ Lopes, A Attar, G Nair, EY Hayden, Z Du, K McDaniel, S Dutt, H Bandmann, K Bravo-Rodriguez, S Mittal, F-G Klärner, C Wang, E Sánchez-García, T Schrader, and G Bitan   Molecular tweezers inhibit islet amyloid polypeptide assembly and toxicity by a new mechanism ACS Chem. Biol, 2015; 10(6): 1555-1569.
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R Roychaudhuri, X Zheng, A Lomakin, P Maiti, MM Condron, GB Benedek, G Bitan, MT Bowers, and DB Teplow   Role of species-specific primary structure differences in Aβ42 assembly and neurotoxicity ACS Chem. Neurosci, 2015; 6: 1941-1955.
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G Herzog, MD Shmueli, L Levy, L Engel, E Gazit, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, G Bitan, and D Segal   The Lys-specific molecular tweezer, CLR01, modulates aggregation of mutant p53 DNA binding domain and inhibits its toxicity Biochemistry, 2015; 54(24): 3729–3738.
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R Malishev, S Nandi, S Kolusheva, Y Levi-Kalisman, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, G Bitan*, and R Jelinek*   Toxicity inhibitors protect lipid membranes from disruption by Aβ42 ACS Chem. Neurosci, 2015; 6: 1860-1869.
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A Attar and G Bitan   Disrupting self-assembly and toxicity of amyloidogenic protein oligomers by "molecular tweezers"- from the test tube to animal models Curr Pharm Des, 2014; 20: 2469-2483.
F Rahimi and G Bitan   Methods for studying and structure–function relationships of non-fibrillar protein assemblies in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders Advances in Alzheimer Research, 2014; 2: 291-374.
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S Acharya, BM Safaie, P Wongkongkathep, MI Ivanova, A Attar, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, JA Loo, G Bitan, and LJ Lapidus   Molecular Basis for Preventing α-Synuclein Aggregation by a Molecular Tweezer J. Biol. Chem, 2014; 289(15): 10727-10737.
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N Ferreira, A Pereira-Henriques, A Attar, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, G Bitan, L Gales, MJ Saraiva, and MR Almeida   Molecular Tweezers Targeting Transthyretin Amyloidosis Neurotherapeutics, 2014; 11: 450-461.
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A Attar, W-TC Chan, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, and G Bitan   Safety and pharmacological characterization of the molecular tweezer CLR01 - a broad-spectrum inhibitor of amyloid proteins' toxicity BMC Pharm. Tox, 2014; 15(23): doi:10.1186/2050-6511-15-23.
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A Attar, T Liu, W-T C Chan, J Hayes, M Nejad, K Lei, and G Bitan   A Shortened Barnes Maze Protocol Reveals Memory Deficits at 4-Months of Age in the Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease PLoS ONE, 2013; 8(11): e80355.
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A Attar, D Meral, B Urbanc, and G Bitan   Assembly of Amyloid β-Protein Variants Containing Familial Alzheimer’s Disease-Linked Amino Acid Substitutions In: Bio-nanoimaging - Protein Misfolding & Aggregation, 2013; 429-442.
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C Ripoli, R Piacentini, E Riccardi, L Leone, DDL Puma, G Bitan, and C Grassi   Effects of different amyloid β-protein analogues on synaptic function Neurobiol. Aging, 2013; 34: 1032-1044.
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A Attar, F Rahimi, and G Bitan   Modulators of amyloid protein aggregation and toxicity: EGCG and CLR01 Translational Neuroscience, 2013; 4(4): 385-409.
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CR Connors, DJ Rosenman, DHJ Lopes, S Mittal, G Bitan, M Sorci, G Belfort, A Garcia, and C Wang   Tranilast Binds to Aβ Monomers and Promotes Aβ Fibrillation Biochemistry, 2013; 52: 3995-4002.
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S Sinha, DHJ Lopes, and G Bitan   A Key Role for Lysine Residues in Amyloid β-Protein Folding, Assembly, and Toxicity ACS Chem. Neurosci, 2012; 3(6): 473-481.
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S Prabhudesai*, S Sinha*, A Attar, A Kotagiri, AG Fitzmaurice, R Lakshmanan, MI Ivanova, JA Loo, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, M Stahl, G Bitan#, and JM Bronstein#   A Novel “Molecular Tweezer” Inhibitor of α-Synuclein Neurotoxicity in Vitro and in Vivo Neurotherapeutics, 2012; 9(2): 464-476.
H Li, R Zemel, DHJ Lopes, BH Monien, and G Bitan   A Two-Step Strategy for Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of N-Methylated Aβ42 C-Terminal Fragments as Aβ42 Toxicity Inhibitors ChemMedChem, 2012; 7: 515-522.
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DHJ Lopes, S Sinha, C Rosensweig, and G Bitan   Application of Photochemical Cross-linking to the Study of Oligomerization of Amyloidogenic Proteins Methods Mol. Biol, 2012; 489: 11-22.
MM Gessel*, C Wu*, H Li*, G Bitan, J-E Shea, and MT Bowers   Aβ(39−42) Modulates Aβ Oligomerization but Not Fibril Formation Biochemistry, 2012; 51(1): 108-118.
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G Bitan   Can We Accelerate the Path towards Therapy for Amyloid-Related Disease? J. Gerontol. Geriatr. Res, 2012; 1(2): doi: 10.4172/jggr.1000e106.
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S Sinha, Z Du, P Maiti, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, C Wang, and G Bitan   Comparison of Three Amyloid Assembly Inhibitors: The Sugar scyllo-Inositol, the Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate, and the Molecular Tweezer CLR01 ACS Chem. Neurosci, 2012; 3(6): 451-458.
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PA Novick*, DH Lopes*, KM Branson, A Estera-Chopo, IA Graef, G Bitan, and VS Pande   Design of β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitors from a Predicted Structural Motif J. Med. Chem, 2012; 55: 3002-3010.
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T Liu and G Bitan   Modulating Self-Assembly of Amyloidogenic Proteins as a Therapeutic Approach for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Strategies and Mechanisms ChemMedChem, 2012; 7: 359-374.
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JM Ringman, AT Fithian, K Gylys, JL Cummings, G Coppola, D Elashoff, D Pratico, J Moskovitz, and G Bitan   Plasma Methionine Sulfoxide in Persons with Familial Alzheimer’s Disease Mutations Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord, 2012; 33(4): 219-225.
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C Rosensweig, K Ono, K Murakami, D Lowenstein, G Bitan, and DB Teplow   Preparation of stable amyloid β-protein oligomers of defined assembly order Methods Mol. Biol, 2012; 489: 23-31.
A Attar, C Ripoli, E Riccardi, P Maiti, DD Li Puma, T Liu, J Hayes, MR Jones, K Lichti-Kaiser, F Yang, GD Gale, C-h Tseng, M Tan, C-W Xie, JL Straudinger, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, SA Frautschy, C Grassi and G Bitan   Protection of primary neurons and mouse brain from Alzheimer’s pathology by molecular tweezers Brain, 2012; 135(Pt 12): 3735-3748.
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F Rahimi and G Bitan   The structure and function of fibrillar and oligomeric assemblies of amyloidogenic proteins In: Pre-fibrillar amyloidogenic protein assemblies—common cytotoxins underlying degenerative diseases, 2012; 1-36.
I Solomonov, E Korkotian, B Born, Y Feldman, A Bitler, F Rahimi, H Li, G Bitan, and I Sagi   Zn2+-Aβ40 complexes form metastable quasi-spherical oligomers that are cytotoxic to cultured hippocampal neurons J. Biol. Chem, 2012; 287(24): 20555-20564.
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H Li, Z Du, DHJ Lopes, EA Fradinger, C Wang, and G Bitan   C-terminal tetrapeptides inhibit Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity primarily through specific interaction at the N-terminus of Aβ42 J. Med. Chem, 2011; 54: 8451-8460.
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J Moskovitz, P Maiti, DHJ Lopes, DB Oien, A Attar, T Liu, S Mittal, J Hayes, and G Bitan   Induction of Methionine-Sulfoxide Reductases Protects Neurons from Amyloid β-Protein Insults in Vitro and in Vivo Biochemistry, 2011; 50(49): 10687–10697.
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S Sinha, DHJ Lopes, Z Du, ES Pang, A Shanmugam, A Lomakin, P Talbiersky, A Tennstaedt, K McDaniel, R Bakshi, P-Y Kuo, M Ehrmann, GB Benedek, JA Loo, F-G Klärner, T Schrader, C Wang, and G Bitan   Lysine-specific molecular tweezers are broad-spectrum inhibitor of aggregation and toxicity of amyloid proteins J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2011; 133(42): 16958–16969.
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K Hochdörffer, J März-Berberic, L Nagel-Steger, M Epple, W Meyer-Zaika, AHC Horn, H Sticht, S Sinha, G Bitan, and T Schrader   Rational Design of β-Sheet Ligands Against Aβ42-Induced Toxicity J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2011; 133: 4348-4358.
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B Urbanc, M Betnel, L Cruz, H Li, EA Fradinger, BH Monien, and G Bitan   Structural Basis for Aβ1–42 Toxicity Inhibition by Aβ C-Terminal Fragments: Discrete Molecular Dynamics Study J. Mol. Biol, 2011; 410(2): 316-328.
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Li H, Monien BH, Fradinger EA, Urbanc B, and Bitan G   Biophysical Characterization of Aβ42 C-Terminal Fragments: Inhibitors of Aβ42 Neurotoxicity Biochemistry, 2010; 49: 159-1267.
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Maiti P, Lomakin A, Benedek GB, and Bitan G   Despite its role in assembly, methionine 35 is not necessary for amyloid β-protein toxicity J. Neurochem, 2010; 113: 1252-1262.
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Urbanc B, Bentel M, Cruz L, Bitan G, and Teplow DB   Elucidation of Amyloid β-Protein Oligomerization Mechanisms: Discrete Molecular Dynamics Study J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2010; 132: 4266-4280.
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Li H, Monien BH, Lomakin A, Zemel R, Fradinger EA, Tan M, Spring SM, Urbanc B, Xie C-W, Benedek GB, and Bitan G   Mechanistic Investigation of the Inhibition of Aβ42 Assembly and Neurotoxicity by Aβ42 C-Terminal Fragments Biochemistry, 2010; 49(30): 6358-6364.
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Rahimi F and Bitan G   Selection of Aptamers for Amyloid β-Protein, the Causative Agent of Alzheimer's Disease J. Vis. Exp, 2010; (39): doi: 10.3791/1955.
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P Maiti, R Piacentini, C Ripoli, C Grassi, and G Bitan   Surprising toxicity and assembly behavior of amyloid β-protein oxidized to sulfone Biochem. J, 2010; 443(2): 323-332.
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Maji SK, Orgozalek Loo RR, Inayatullah M, Spring SM, Vollers SS, Condron MM, Bitan G, Loo JA, and Teplow DB.   Amino acid position-specific contributions to amyloid β-protein oligomerization J. Biol. Chem, 2009; 284: 23580-23591.
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Bernstein SL, Dupuis NF, Lazo ND, Wyttenbach T, Condron MM, Bitan G , Teplow DB, Shea J-E, Ruotolo BT, Robinson CV, and Bowers MT.   Amyloid β-protein oligomerization and the importance of tetramers and dodecamers in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease Nat. Chem, 2009; 1(4): 326-331.
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Li H, Rahimi F, Sinha S, Maiti P, Murakami K, and Bitan G.   Amyloids and Protein Aggregation—analytical methods Encyclopedia Anal. Chem, 2009; Published online, DOI: 10.1002/9780470027318.a9038.
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Rahimi F, Maiti P, and Bitan G.   Photo-Induced Cross-Linking of Unmodified Proteins (PICUP) Applied to Amyloidogenic Peptides J. Vis. Exp, 2009; (23): doi: 10.3791/1071.
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Rahimi F, Murakami K, Summers JL, Chen C-HB, and Bitan G.   RNA Aptamers Generated against Oligomeric Aβ40 Recognize Common Amyloid Aptatopes with Low Specificity but High Sensitivity PLoS ONE, 2009; 4(11): doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007694.
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Wu* C, Murray* MM, Bernstein* SL, Condron MM, Bitan G, Bowers MT, and Shea J-E.   The Structure of Aβ42 C-Terminal Fragments Probed by a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study J. Mol. Biol, 2009; 387(2): 492-501.
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Fradinger EA*, Monien BH*, Urbanc B, Lomakin A, Tan M, Li H, Spring SM, Condron MM, Cruz L, Xie, C-W, Benedek GB, and Bitan G   C-terminal peptides co-assemble into Aβ42 oligomers and protect neurons against Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2008; 105(37): 14175-14180.
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Shanmugam A, Monien BH, and Bitan G   Development in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease in Research Progress in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia, 2008; 3: 193-250.
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Rahimi F, Shanmugam A, and Bitan G   Structure-Function Relationships of Pre-Fibrillar Protein Assemblies in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Curr. Alz. Res, 2008; 5(3): 319-341.
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Condron MM, Monien BH, and Bitan G   Synthesis and Purification of Highly Hydrophobic Peptides Derived from the C-Terminus of Amyloid β-Protein Open Biotechnol. J, 2008; 2(1): 87-93.
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Seabrook TJ, Thomas K, Jiang L, Bloom J, Spooner E, Maier M, Bitan G, and Lemere CA   Dendrimeric Aβ1-15 is an effective immunogen in wildtype and APP-tg mice Neurobiol. Aging, 2007; 28(6): 813-823.
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Yun S, Urbanc B, Cruz L, Bitan G, Teplow DB, and Stanely HS   Role of Electrostatic Interactions in Amyloid β-Protein (Aβ) Oligomer Formation: A Discrete Molecular Dynamics Study Biophys. J, 2007; 94: 4064-4077.
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Baumketner A, Bernstein SL, Wyttenbach T, Bitan G, Teplow DB, Bowers MT, and Shea J-E   Amyloid β-protein monomer structure: A computational and experimental study Prot. Sci, 2006; 15: 420-428.
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Monien BH, Apostolova LG, and Bitan G   Early diagnostics and therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease - how early can we get there? Expert Rev. Neurother, 2006; 6(9): 1293-1306.
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Teplow DB, Lazo ND, Bitan G, Bernstein S, Wyttenbach T, Bowers MT, Baumketner A, Shea J-E, Urbanc B, Cruz L, Borreguero J, and Stanley HE   Elucidating Amyloid β-Protein Folding and Assembly: A Multidisciplinary Approach Acc. Chem. Res, 2006; 39(9): 635-345.
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Bitan G   Structural study of metastable amyloidogenic protein oligomers by Photo-Induced Cross-linking of Unmodified Proteins Methods Enzymol, 2006; 413: 217-236.
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Bernstein SL, Wyttenbach T, Baumketner A, Shea J-E, Bitan G, Teplow DB, and Bowers MT   Amyloid β-protein: monomer structure and early aggregation states of Aβ42 and its Pro19 alloform J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2005; 127(7): 2075-2084.
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Vollers SS, Teplow DB, and Bitan G   Determination of peptide oligomerization state using rapid photochemical cross-linking Methods Mol. Biol, 2005; 299: 11-18.
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Fradinger EA and Bitan G   En route to early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease--are we there yet? Trends Biotech, 2005; 23(11): 531-533.
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Bitan G, Fradinger EA, Spring SM, and Teplow DB   Neurotoxic protein oligomers-what you see is not always what you get Amyloid, 2005; 12: 88-95.
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Bitan G and Teplow DB   Preparation of aggregate-free, low molecular weight amyloid-β for assembly and toxicity assays Methods Mol. Biol, 2005; 299: 3-9.
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Lazo ND, Maji SK, Fradinger EA, Bitan G, and Teplow DB   The Amyloid β-protein In: Sipe J, Ed. Amyloid Proteins: the β-sheet Conformation and Disease, 2005; 385-492.
Urbanc B, Cruz L, Yun S, Buldyrev SV, Bitan G, Teplow DB, and Stanley HE   In silico study of amyloid β-protein folding and oligomerization Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2004; 101(50): 17345-17350.
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Bitan G and Teplow DB   Rapid photochemical cross-linking--a new tool for studies of metastable, amyloidogenic protein assemblies Acc. Chem. Res, 2004; 37(6): 357-364.
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Bitan G, Tarus B, Vollers SS, Lashuel HA, Condron MM, Straub JE, and Teplow DB   A molecular switch in amyloid assembly: Met35 and amyloid β-protein oligomerization J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2003; 125(50): 15359-15365.
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Bitan G, Kirkitadze MD, Lomakin A, Vollers SS, Benedek GB, and Teplow DB   Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) assembly: Aβ40 and Aβ42 oligomerize through distinct pathways Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2003; 100(1): 330-335.
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Bitan G, Vollers SS, and Teplow DB   Elucidation of primary structure elements controlling early amyloid β-protein oligomerization J. Biol. Chem, 2003; 278(37): 34882-34889.
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Kirkitadze MD, Bitan G, and Teplow DB   Paradigm shifts in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders: the emerging role of oligomeric assemblies J. Neurosci. Res, 2002; 69(5): 567-577.
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Bitan G, Lomakin A, and Teplow DB   Amyloid β-protein oligomerization: prenucleation interactions revealed by photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins J. Biol. Chem, 2001; 276(37): 35176-35184.
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