Wayne Hubbell, Ph.D.

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A Short Biography:

Professor Hubbell received his B.S. degree in Chemistry at Oregon State University in 1965 and his Ph.D. in Chemistry at Stanford University in 1970. After completing a postdoctoral fellowship at Stanford, he joined the faculty of the Department of Chemistry at UC Berkeley. In 1983, he moved his laboratory to the Jules Stein Eye Institute at UCLA.
Work Titles
UCLA Distinguished Professor, Chemistry and Biochemistry Distinguished Professor, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Lab Director, Hubbell Lab Jules Stein Professor of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology Associate Director, Stein Eye Institute Member, Biochemistry, Biophysics & Structural Biology GPB Home Area Member, Brain Research Institute Member, Molecular Biology Institute Researcher, Biochemistry Researcher, Biophysics and Structural Biology Researcher, Proteomics and Bioinformatics
Education:
Degrees:
Ph.D., Stanford University, 1970 -
Fellowship:
1973 - Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Fellow
Honors and Awards:
University of Pécs, Hungary, Honorary Degree
2005 National Academy of Sciences, Fellow
2001 American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Fellow
2000 Biophysical Society, Fellow
2000 International EPR Society, Gold Medal
1997 Gordon Research Conferences, Alexander M. Cruickshank Lecturer
1994 Alcon Research Institute Award
1991 Biophysical Society, Elisabeth Roberts Cole Award
1990 - NIH, MERIT Award
1990 Research to Prevent Blindness Senior Investigator Award
1975 Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Teacher-Scholar Award
1969 Stanford University, AFORSR-NRC Postdoctoral Fellow, Chemistry
Professional Societies:
2006 Intl. EPR Symposium, Piette Lecture
1997 Burnham Institute Distinguished Lecture
Certifications:
Certification Type:
2004 Royal Society Chemistry-EPR Group, Bruker Prize

Contact Information:

Work Email Address:

hubbellw@jsei.ucla.edu


Website:

http://www.jsei.org/
Lab website
Lab website

Fax Number:

(310) 794-2144

Lab Number:

(310) 206-8831

Office Phone Number:

(310) 206-8830

Laboratory Address:

JSEI BH-973


Mailing Address:

Mail Code: 700819


Work Address:

JSEI 3-118


Detailed Biography:

During his graduate and postdoctoral work with Harden McConnell at Stanford University, Wayne Hubbell used spin label technology to first describe the fluidity and fluidity gradient in biological membranes, landmark discoveries of broad impact in cell and membrane biology.

In 1970, he joined the faculty of the Department of Chemistry at UC Berkeley where his laboratory designed new surfactants, pioneered the molecular characterization of reconstituted membrane proteins, and developed a series of unique spin label probes to study membrane electrostatics.

In 1983, Prof. Hubbell moved his laboratory to UCLA where he became the first Jules Stein Professor of Ophthalmology and Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Soon after arriving, he combined unrelated technical advancements in molecular biology and EPR spectroscopy and pioneered the powerful new technology of site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) for the determination of structure and conformational dynamics in both soluble and membrane proteins.

For his development and application of SDSL, Prof. Hubbell has received numerous honors and awards including the Gold Medal of the International EPR/ESR Society, the International Zavoisky Award from the Physical Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Bruker Prize from the Royal Society of Chemistry-ESR Group, and the Elisabeth Roberts Cole from the Biophysical Society (US). He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, elected to the first class of fellows of the Biophysical Society and recipient of an honorary doctorate from the University of Pécs, Hungary.

Publications:

A selected list of publications:

Toledo Warshaviak Dora, Khramtsov Valery V, Cascio Duilio, Altenbach Christian, Hubbell Wayne L   Structure and dynamics of an imidazoline nitroxide side chain with strongly hindered internal motion in proteins Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997), 2013; 232: 53-61.
Hubbell Wayne L, López Carlos J, Altenbach Christian, Yang Zhongyu   Technological advances in site-directed spin labeling of proteins Current opinion in structural biology, 2013; .
Razzaghi Sahand, Brooks Evan K, Bordignon Enrica, Hubbell Wayne L, Yulikov Maxim, Jeschke Gunnar   EPR Relaxation-Enhancement-Based Distance Measurements on Orthogonally Spin-Labeled T4-Lysozyme Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology, 2013; 232: .
Garbuio Luca, Bordignon Enrica, Brooks Evan K, Hubbell Wayne L, Jeschke Gunnar, Yulikov Maxim   Orthogonal spin labeling and Gd(III)-nitroxide distance measurements on bacteriophage T4-lysozyme The journal of physical chemistry. B, 2013; 117(11): 3145-53.
Vishnivetskiy Sergey A, Chen Qiuyan, Palazzo Maria C, Brooks Evan K, Altenbach Christian, Iverson Tina M, Hubbell Wayne L, Gurevich Vsevolod V   Engineering visual arrestin-1 with special functional characteristics The Journal of biological chemistry, 2013; 288(5): 3394-405.
Van Eps Ned, Anderson Lori L, Kisselev Oleg G, Baranski Thomas J, Hubbell Wayne L, Marshall Garland R   Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of functionally active, nitroxide spin-labeled peptide analogues of the C-terminus of a G-protein alpha subunit Biochemistry, 2010; 49(32): 6877-86.
Zhang Ziwei, Fleissner Mark R, Tipikin Dmitriy S, Liang Zhichun, Moscicki Jozef K, Earle Keith A, Hubbell Wayne L, Freed Jack H   Multifrequency electron spin resonance study of the dynamics of spin labeled T4 lysozyme The journal of physical chemistry. B, 2010; 114(16): 5503-21.
Bridges Michael D, Hideg Kálmán, Hubbell Wayne L   Resolving Conformational and Rotameric Exchange in Spin-Labeled Proteins Using Saturation Recovery EPR Applied magnetic resonance, 2010; 37(1-4): 363.
Vishnivetskiy Sergey A, Francis Derek, Van Eps Ned, Kim Miyeon, Hanson Susan M, Klug Candice S, Hubbell Wayne L, Gurevich Vsevolod V   The role of arrestin alpha-helix I in receptor binding Journal of molecular biology, 2010; 395(1): 42-54.
Fleissner Mark R, Brustad Eric M, Kálai Tamás, Altenbach Christian, Cascio Duilio, Peters Francis B, Hideg Kálmán, Peuker Sebastian, Schultz Peter G, Hubbell Wayne L   Site-directed spin labeling of a genetically encoded unnatural amino acid Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009; 106(51): 21637-42.
López Carlos J, Fleissner Mark R, Guo Zhefeng, Kusnetzow Ana K, Hubbell Wayne L   Osmolyte perturbation reveals conformational equilibria in spin-labeled proteins Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society, 2009; 18(8): 1637-52.
Fleissner Mark R, Cascio Duilio, Hubbell Wayne L   Structural origin of weakly ordered nitroxide motion in spin-labeled proteins Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society, 2009; 18(5): 893-908.
Scoville Damon, Stamm John D, Altenbach Christian, Shvetsov Alexander, Kokabi Kaveh, Rubenstein Peter A, Hubbell Wayne L, Reisler Emil   Effects of binding factors on structural elements in F-actin Biochemistry, 2009; 48(2): 370-8.
Schwartz Thue W, Hubbell Wayne L   Structural biology: A moving story of receptors Nature, 2008; 455(7212): 473-4.
Altenbach C, Kusnetzow AK, Ernst OP, Hofmann KP, Hubbell WL   High-resolution distance mapping in rhodopsin reveals the pattern of helix movement due to activation Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008; 105(21): 7439-44.
Hanson SM, Vishnivetskiy SA, Hubbell WL, Gurevich VV   Opposing effects of inositol hexakisphosphate on rod arrestin and arrestin2 self-association Biochemistry, 2008; 47(3): 1070-5.
Knierim B, Hofmann KP, Gartner W, Hubbell WL, Ernst OP   Rhodopsin and 9-demethyl-retinal analog:effect of a partial agonist on displacement of transmembrane helix 6 in class A G protein-coupled receptors J Biol Chem, 2008; 283(8): 4967-74.
Schwartz TW, Hubbell WL.   Structural biology: A moving story of receptors Nature, 2008; 455(7212): 473-4.
Guo Z, Cascio D, Hideg K, Hubbell WL   Structural determinants of nitroxide motion in spin labeled proteins:solvent-exposed sites in helix B of T4 lysozyme Protein Sci, 2008; 17(2): 228-239.
Vamvouka M, Cieslak J, Van Eps N, Hubbell W, Gross A   The structure of the lipid embedded potassium channel voltage sensor determined by double-electron-electron resonance spectroscopy Protein Sci, 2008; 17(3): 506-17.
Hanson Susan M, Dawson Eric S, Francis Derek J, Van Eps Ned, Klug Candice S, Hubbell Wayne L, Meiler Jens, Gurevich Vsevolod V   A model for the solution structure of the rod arrestin tetramer Structure (London, England : 1993), 2008; 16(6): 924-34.
Altenbach Christian, Kusnetzow Ana Karin, Ernst Oliver P, Hofmann Klaus Peter, Hubbell Wayne L   High-resolution distance mapping in rhodopsin reveals the pattern of helix movement due to activation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008; 105(21): 7439-44.
Vamvouka Magdalini, Cieslak John, Van Eps Ned, Hubbell Wayne, Gross Adrian   The structure of the lipid-embedded potassium channel voltage sensor determined by double-electron-electron resonance spectroscopy Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society, 2008; 17(3): 506-17.
Epand Raquel F, Zhang Yan-Liang, Mirzabekov Tajib, Kagan Bruce, Silberstein Anatoly, Hubbell Wayne L, Epand Richard M, Chakraborti Samitabh, Dimitrov Dimiter S, Anderson W French, Rozenberg-Adler Yanina   Membrane activity of an amphiphilic alpha-helical membrane-proximal cytoplasmic domain of the MoMuLV envelope glycoprotein Experimental and molecular pathology, 2008; 84(1): 9-17.
Knierim Bernhard, Hofmann Klaus Peter, Gärtner Wolfgang, Hubbell Wayne L, Ernst Oliver P   Rhodopsin and 9-demethyl-retinal analog: effect of a partial agonist on displacement of transmembrane helix 6 in class A G protein-coupled receptors The Journal of biological chemistry, 2008; 283(8): 4967-74.
Guo Zhefeng, Cascio Duilio, Hideg Kálmán, Hubbell Wayne L   Structural determinants of nitroxide motion in spin-labeled proteins: solvent-exposed sites in helix B of T4 lysozyme Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society, 2008; 17(2): 228-39.
Hanson Susan M, Vishnivetskiy Sergey A, Hubbell Wayne L, Gurevich Vsevolod V   Opposing effects of inositol hexakisphosphate on rod arrestin and arrestin2 self-association Biochemistry, 2008; 47(3): 1070-5.
J. Sasaki, B. Phillips, X. Chen, N. Van Eps, A-Lim Tsai, W. Hubbell, J. Spudich   Different dark conformations function in color-sensitive photosignaling by the sensory rhodopsin I-Htrl complex Biophys. J, 2007; 92: 4045-4053.
W. Oldham, N. Van Eps, A. Preininger, W. Hubbell and H. Hamm   Mapping allosteric connections from the receptor to the nucleotide-binding pocket of heterotrimeric G proteins Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2007; 104: 7927-7932.
Expand RF, Zhang YL, Mirzabekov T, Kagan B, Silberstein A, Hubbell WL, Expand RM, Chakraborti S, Dimitrov DS, Anderson WF, Rozenberg-Adler Y   Membrane activity of an amphiphilic alpha-helical membrane-proximal cytoplasmic domain of the MoMuLV envelope glycoprotein Exp Mol Pathol, 2007; 84(1): 9-17.
Knierim B, Hofmann KP, Ernst OP, Hubbell WL   Sequence of late molecular events in the activation of rhodopsin Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007; 104(51): 20290-5.
Z. Guo, D. Cascio, K. Hideg, T. Kalai and W. Hubbell   Structure and Interactions of Nitroxide Side-chains in T4 Lysozyme: Tertiary contact and solvent-inaccessible sites in helix G Protein Sci, 2007; 16: 1069-1086.
Susan Hanson, N Van Eps, D Francis, S Vishnivetskiy, C Klug, W Hubbell, V Gurevich   Structure and function of the visual arrestin oligomer EMBO J, 2007; 26: 1726-1736.
Smirova I, Kasho V, Choe JY, Altenbach C, Hubbell WL, Kaback HR   Sugar binding induces an outward facing conforamtion of LacY, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007; 104(42): 16504-9.
Guo Zhefeng, Cascio Duilio, Hideg Kálmán, Kálái Támás, Hubbell Wayne L   Structural determinants of nitroxide motion in spin-labeled proteins: tertiary contact and solvent-inaccessible sites in helix G of T4 lysozyme Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society, 2007; 16(6): 1069-86.
Van Eps N Oldham WM Hamm HE Hubbell WL   Structural and dynamical changes in an alpha-subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein along the activation pathway Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2006; 103(44): 16194-9.
N Van Eps , W Oldham , H Hamm, W Hubbell   Structural and dynamical changes in an alpha-subunit of a hetertrimic G-protein along the activation pathway Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2006; 44: 16194-16199.
A. Shvetsov, J. Stamm, M. Phillips, C. Altenbach, P. Rubenstein, K. Hideg, W. Hubbell, E. Reisler   Conformational Dynamics of Loop 262-274 in G- and F-actin Biochemistry, 2006; 45: 6541-6549.
A Kusnetzow, C Altenbach, and W Hubbell   Conformational states and dynamics of rhodopsin in micelles and bilayers Biochemistry, 2006; 45: 5538-5550.
K Jacobsen, W Hubbell, O Ernst, and T Risse   Details of the Partial Unfolding of T4 Lysozyme on quartz using site-directed spin labelling Angew Chem Int Ed, 2006; 45: 3874-3877.
S Hanson, D Francis, S Vishnivetskiy, E Kolobova, W Hubbell, C Klug, V. Gurevich   Differential interaction of spin labeled arrestin with inactive and active phosphorhodopsin Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci , 2006; 103: 4900-4905.
Damon Scoville, John D. Stamm, Dora Toledo-Warshaviak, Christian Altenbach, Martin Phillips, Alexander Shvetsov, Peter A. Rubenstein, Wayne L. Hubbell, and Emil Reisler   Hydrophobic loop dynamics and actin filament stability Biochemistry, 2006; 45: 13576-84.
J. Crane, C. Mao, A. Lilly, V. Smith, Y. Suo, W. Hubbell, L. Randall   Mapping of the docking of SecA onto the chaperone SecB by site-directed spin labeling: insight into the mechanism of ligand transfer during protein export J Mol Biol, 2006; 353: 295-307.
W. Oldham, N. Van Eps, W. Hubbell, H. Hamm   Mechanism of the receptor-catalyzed activation of heterotrimeric G proteins Nat Struct Biol, 2006; 13: 772-777.
Q. Cai, A. Kusnetzow, W. Hubbell, I. Haworth, G. Gacho, N. Van Eps, K. Hideg, E. Chambers, and P. Qin   Site-directed spin labeling measurements of nanometer distances in nucleic acids using a sequence-independent nitroxide probe. Nucleic Acids Res, 2006; 34: 4722-4730.
J. Crane, Y. Suo1, A. Lilly, C. Mao, W. Hubbell, and L. Randall   Sites of interaction of a precursor polypeptide on the export chaperone SecB mapped by site-directed spin labeling. , J Mol Biol, 2006; 363: 63-74.
Jacobsen Kerstin, Hubbell Wayne L, Ernst Oliver P, Risse Thomas   Details of the partial unfolding of T4 lysozyme on quartz using site-directed spin labeling Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2006; 45(23): 3874-7.
Pyka Janusz, Ilnicki Jan, Altenbach Christian, Hubbell Wayne L, Froncisz Wojciech   Accessibility and dynamics of nitroxide side chains in T4 lysozyme measured by saturation recovery EPR Biophysical journal, 2005; 89(3): 2059-68.
J. Pyka, J. Ilnicki, C. Altenbach, W. Hubbell and W. Froncisz   Accessibility and dynamics of nitroxide side chains in T4 lysozyme measured by saturation recovery EPR Biophys J, 2005; 89: 2059-2068.
C. Altenbach, W. Froncisz, R. Hemker, H. Mchaourab, W. Hubbell   Accessibility of nitroxide side chains: Absolute Heisenberg exchange rates from power saturation EPR Biophys J, 2005; 89: 2103-2112.
K. Jacobsen, W. Hubbell, T. Risse   Determination of the orientation of T4L vectorially bound to a planar supported lipid bilayer using site-directed spin labeling Biophys. J, 2005; 88: 4351-4365.
C. Klug, T. Camenisch, W. Hubbell, J. Hyde   Multiquantum EPR spectroscopy of spin labeled arrestin K267C at 35 GHz Biophys. J, 2005; 88: 3641-3647.
P. Qin, J. Feigon, W. Hubbell   Site-directed spin labeling studies reveal a coupled mechanism in the formation of the GAAA tetraloop/receptor upon Mg(2+)- dependent docking of a GAAA tetraloop J Mol Biol , 2005; 351: 1-8.
Jacobsen Kerstin, Oga Shirley, Hubbell Wayne L, Risse Thomas   Determination of the orientation of T4 lysozyme vectorially bound to a planar-supported lipid bilayer using site-directed spin labeling Biophysical journal, 2005; 88(6): 4351-65.
Kim Jong-Myoung, Altenbach Christian, Kono Masahiro, Oprian Daniel D, Hubbell Wayne L, Khorana H Gobind   Structural origins of constitutive activation in rhodopsin: Role of the K296/E113 salt bridge Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004; 101(34): 12508-13.
Isas J Mario, Langen Ralf, Hubbell Wayne L, Haigler Harry T   Structure and dynamics of a helical hairpin that mediates calcium-dependent membrane binding of annexin B12 The Journal of biological chemistry, 2004; 279(31): 32492-8.
Z. Lian, Y. Lou, J. Freed, L. Columbus, W. Hubbell   A multifrequency electron spin resonance study of spin labeled T4 lysozyme dynamics using the slowly relaxing local structure model J. Phys. Chem B, 2004; 108: 17649-17659.
M. Lietzow, W. Hubbell   Motion of spin labeled side chains in cellular retinol binding protein: Correlation with structure and nearest neighbor interactions in an anti-parallel beta sheet Biochemistry, 2004; 43: 3137-3151.
L. Columbus, W. Hubbell   Sensing Backbone Dynamics with site-directed spin labeling: the GCN4 Leucine Zipper in solution and bound to DNA Biochemistry, 2004; 43: 7273-7287.
J. Kim, C. Altenbach, M. Kono, D. Oprian, W. Hubbell, H.G. Khorana   Structural origins of constitutive activation in Rhodopsin: role of the K296/E113 salt bridge Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, 2004; 101: 12508-12513.
J. Isas, R. Langen, W. Hubbell, H. Haigler   Structure and dynamics of a helical hairpin that mediates calcium-dependent membrane-binding of Annexin B12 J Biol Chem, 2004; 279: 32492-32498.
Columbus Linda, Hubbell Wayne L   Mapping backbone dynamics in solution with site-directed spin labeling: GCN4-58 bZip free and bound to DNA Biochemistry, 2004; 43(23): 7273-87.
Peter Z. Qin, K Hideg, Juli Feigon, and Wayne L. Hubbell   Monitoring RNA base structure and dynamics using site-directed spin labeling Biochemistry, 2003; 42: 6772-6783.
Jeffrey H. Zhang, Gaoping Xiao, Robert P. Gunsalus and Wayne L. Hubbell   Phosphorylation triggers domain separation in the DNA binding response regulator Biochemistry, 2003; 42: 2552-2559.
W. Hubbell, C. Altenbach, C. Hubbell, H. G. Khorana   Rhodopsin structure, dynamics and activation: a perspective from crystallography, site-directed spin labeling, sulfhydryl reactivity and disulfide cross-linking Adv Protein Chem, 2003; 63: 243-290.
T. Risse, W. Hubbell, J. Isas, H. Haiger   Structure and dynamics of proteins on planar surfaces: Annexin 12 as an exploratory example Phys. Rev. Lett, 2003; 91: 188101.
T. Kalai, J. Jeko, W. Hubbell, K. Hideg   Synthesis of 2,2- and 2,5-disubstituted 1-oxyl pyrrolidine radicals as new homobifunctional cross-linking spin labels Synthesis , 2003; 13: 2084-2088.
A. Preininger, N. Van Eps, N.-J. Yu, M. Medkova, W. Hubbell and H. Hamm   The myristoylated amino terminus of Galpha(i)(1) plays a critical role in the structure and function of Galpha(i)(1) subunits in solution Biochemistry, 2003; 42: 7931-7941.
Hubbell Wayne L, Altenbach Christian, Hubbell Cheryl M, Khorana H Gobind   Rhodopsin structure, dynamics, and activation: a perspective from crystallography, site-directed spin labeling, sulfhydryl reactivity, and disulfide cross-linking Advances in protein chemistry, 2003; 63(9): 243-90.
M. Sutton, A. Guzzo, I. Narumi, M. Costanzo, C. Altenbach, A. Ferentz, W. Hubbell and G. Walker   A model for the structure of the Escherichia coli SOS-Regulated UmuD2 protein. DNA Repair, 2002; 1: 77-93.
L. Columbus and W. Hubbell   A new spin on protein dynamics TiBS, 2002; 27: 288-295.
Serag AA, Altenbach C, Gingery M, Hubbell WL, Yeates TO   Arrangement of subunits and ordering of beta-strands in an amyloid sheet Nature Struct Biol, 2002; 9: 734-739.
M. Medkova, A. Preininger, NJ Yu, W.L. Hubbell, H. Hamm   Conformational changes in the amino terminal helix of the G protein alpha subunit following dissociation from Gbetagamma subuni Biochemistry, 2002; 41: 9962-72.
A. Gross and W. Hubbell   Identification of protein side chains near the membrane/aqueous interface: a site-directed spin labeling study of KcsA Biochemistry, 2002; 41: 1123-1128.
T. Kalai, M. Balog, J. Jeko, W. Hubbell and K. Hideg   Palladium-catalysed coupling reactions of paramagnetic vinyl halides Synthesis , 2002; 16: 2365-2372.
A. Barnakov, C. Altenbach, L. Barnakova, W. Hubbell, G. Hazelbauer   Site-directed spin labeling of a bacterial chemoreceptor reveals a dynamic, loosely packed transmembrane domain Protein Sci, 2002; 11: 1472-1481.
J. Isas, R. Langen, H. Haigler, and W. Hubbell   Structure and dynamics of a helical hairpin and loop region in annexin 12: A site-directed spin labeling study. Biochemistry, 2002; 41: 1464-1473.
Columbus Linda, Hubbell Wayne L   A new spin on protein dynamics Trends in biochemical sciences, 2002; 27(6): 288-95.
Barnakov, A Altenbach, C Barnakova, L Hubbell, WL Hazelbauer, GL   Site-directed spin labeling of a bacterial chemoreceptor reveals a dynamic, loosely packed transmembrane domain Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society. , 2002; 11(6): 1472-81.
Isas, JM Langen, R Haigler, HT Hubbell, WL   Structure and dynamics of a helical hairpin and loop region in annexin 12: a site-directed spin labeling study Biochemistry. , 2002; 41(5): 1464-73.
Isas J Mario, Langen Ralf, Haigler Harry T, Hubbell Wayne L   Structure and dynamics of a helical hairpin and loop region in annexin 12: a site-directed spin labeling study Biochemistry, 2002; 41(5): 1464-73.
Gross, A Hubbell, WL   Identification of protein side chains near the membrane-aqueous interface: a site-directed spin labeling study of KcsA Biochemistry. , 2002; 41(4): 1123-8.
Altenbach, C Oh, KJ Trabanino, RJ Hideg, K Hubbell, WL   Estimation of inter-residue distances in spin labeled proteins at physiological temperatures: experimental strategies and practical limitations Biochemistry. , 2001; 40(51): 15471-82.
Altenbach, C Oh, KJ Trabanino, RJ Hideg, K Hubbell, WL   Estimation of inter-residue distances in spin labeled proteins at physiological temperatures: experimental strategies and practical limitations Biochemistry. , 2001; 40(51): 15471-82.
Altenbach, C Cai, K Klein-Seetharaman, J Khorana, HG Hubbell, WL   Structure and function in rhodopsin: mapping light-dependent changes in distance between residue 65 in helix TM1 and residues in the sequence 306-319 at the cytoplasmic end of helix TM7 and in helix H8 Biochemistry. , 2001; 40(51): 15483-92.
Sokal, I Li, N Klug, CS Filipek, S Hubbell, WL Baehr, W Palczewski, K   Calcium-sensitive regions of GCAP1 as observed by chemical modifications, fluorescence, and EPR spectroscopies The Journal of biological chemistry. , 2001; 276(46): 43361-73.
Klein-Seetharaman, J Hwa, J Cai, K Altenbach, C Hubbell, WL Khorana, HG   Probing the dark state tertiary structure in the cytoplasmic domain of rhodopsin: proximities between amino acids deduced from spontaneous disulfide bond formation between Cys316 and engineered cysteines in cytoplasmic loop 1 Biochemistry. , 2001; 40(42): 12472-8.
Serag, AA Altenbach, C Gingery, M Hubbell, WL Yeates, TO   Identification of a subunit interface in transthyretin amyloid fibrils: evidence for self-assembly from oligomeric building blocks Biochemistry. , 2001; 40(31): 9089-96.
Columbus, L., Kalai, T., Jeko, J., Hideg, K., Hubbell, W.   Molecular motion of spin labeled side chains in alpha-helices: analysis by variation of side chain structure Biochemistry, 2001; 40: 3828-3846.
K. Cai, J. Klein-Seetharaman, C. Altenbach, W. Hubbell, H.G. Khorana   Probing the dark state tertiary structure in the cytoplasmic domain of rhodopsin: proximities between amino acids deduced from spontaneous disulfide bond formation between cysteine pairs engineered cytoplasmic loop 1, 3, and 4 Biochemistry, 2001; 40: 12479-12485.
Qin, P., Butcher, S., Feigon, J., Hubbell, W.   Quantative analysis of the isolated GAAA tetraloop/receptor interaction in solution: A site-directed spin labeling study Biochemistry, 2001; 40: 6929-6936.
C. Altenbach, J. Klein-Seetharaman, K. Cai, H. G. Khorana and W. Hubbell   Structure and function in rhodopsin: mapping light-dependent changes in distance between residue 316 in Helix 8 and residues in the sequence 60-75, covering the cytoplasmic end of helices TM 1 and TM 2 and their connection loop CL 1 Biochemistry, 2001; 40: 15493-15500.
Langen, R Oh, KJ Cascio, D Hubbell, WL   Crystal structures of spin labeled T4 lysozyme mutants: implications for the interpretation of EPR spectra in terms of structure Biochemistry. , 2000; 39(29): 8396-405.
Hubbell, W., Cafiso, D., Altenbach, C.   Identifying conformational changes with site-directed spin labeling Nature Struct. Biol, 2000; 7: 735-739.
Gross, A Columbus, L Hideg, K Altenbach, C Hubbell, WL   Structure of the KcsA potassium channel from Streptomyces lividans: a site-directed spin labeling study of the second transmembrane segment Biochemistry. , 1999; 38(32): 10324-35.
Altenbach, C Klein-Seetharaman, J Hwa, J Khorana, HG Hubbell, WL   Structural features and light-dependent changes in the sequence 59-75 connecting helices I and II in rhodopsin: a site-directed spin-labeling study Biochemistry. , 1999; 38(25): 7945-9.
Langen, R Isas, JM Hubbell, WL Haigler, HT   A transmembrane form of annexin XII detected by site-directed spin labeling Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. , 1998; 95(24): 14060-5.
Langen, R Isas, JM Luecke, H Haigler, HT Hubbell, WL   Membrane-mediated assembly of annexins studied by site-directed spin labeling The Journal of biological chemistry. , 1998; 273(35): 22453-7.
Mchaourab, H., Oh, K.-J., Fang, C., Hubbell, W.   Conformation of T4 lysozyme: hinge bending motion and substrate-induced conformational transition studied by site-directed spin labeling Biochemistry, 1997; 36: 307-316.
Kim, J.-M., Altenbach, C., Thurmond, R., Khorana, H.G., Hubbell, W.   Structure and function of rhodopsin: rhodopsin mutants with a neutral amino acid at E134 have a partially activated conformation in the dark Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, 1997; 94: 14273-14278.
Farrens, DL Altenbach, C Yang, K Hubbell, WL Khorana, HG   Requirement of rigid-body motion of transmembrane helices for light activation of rhodopsin Science. , 1996; 274(5288): 768-70.
Oh, K.-J., Zhan, C., Cui, C., Hideg, K., Collier, R.J., Hubbell, W.L.   Organization of the T domain of diphtheria toxin in membranes: a site-directed spin labeling study Science, 1996; 273: 810-812.
Hubbell, W., Mchaourab, H., Altenbach, C. and Lietzow, M.   Watching your protein move using site-directed spin labeling Structure, 1996; 4: 779-783.
Steinhoff, HJ Mollaaghababa, R Altenbach, C Hideg, K Krebs, M Khorana, HG Hubbell, WL   Time-resolved detection of structural changes during the photocycle of spin-labeled bacteriorhodopsin Science. , 1994; 266(5182): 105-7.

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