Louis Bouchard, Ph.D.

A Short Biography:

Dr. Bouchard has degrees in physics (McGill), medical biophysics (Toronto) and chemistry (Princeton).  He has over 20 years of research experience in biomedicine (nanomedicine, immuno-engineering, tissue engineering, medical imaging).  Students interested with new ideas and interested in starting new research projects may contact him.

 

Awards and Honors:

 

Spectroscopy Society of Pittsburgh (SSP) Starter Grant Award (2010); Camille and Henry Dreyfus New Faculty Award (2008); Charlotte Elizabeth Procter University Honorific Fellowship at Princeton University (2003); University of Toronto Fellowship (1998).


Work Titles
CTSI Member, CTSI
California NanoSystems Institute Member, California NanoSystems Institute
UCLA Associate Professor, Biophysics and Structural Biology Associate Professor, Chemistry and Biochemistry Associate Professor, Nanoscience and Materials Associate Professor, Physical Chemistry Member, JCCC Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program Area Member, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center Member, Molecular Biology Institute
Education:
Degrees:
Ph.D., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 2005
M.A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 2003
M.S., University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 1999
B.S., McGill University Montr´eal, Canada, 1996

Contact Information:

Work Email Address:

bouchard@chem.ucla.edu


Website:

Group Home Page

Work Phone Number:

1 (310) 825-1764

Laboratory Address:

Young Hall 2104 and 2042


Work Address:

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
607 Charles E Young Dr East / Young Hall 3048B
University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095


Research Interest:

Our laboratory is developing multifunctional vehicles for biosensing, medical imaging, localized therapy and drug delivery.  Imaging methods have focused on MRI and optical detection.  Therapies include photodynamic therapy and delivery of anticancer drugs.  We are interested in all aspects of the research including chemical synthesis, characterization, detection and clinical trials of cancer-related problems.    We also work on tissue engineering problems as well as the localized regulation of immune response using advanced biomaterials.

Beam Us Up, Scotty

Tissue Engineering: Despite recent developments enabling the fabrication of engineered tissue constructs with controllable microarchitecture and macroscopic geometry, few engineered tissue products are currently on the market. This is, in part, due to the need for proper conditions for the cell dependent process of tissue maturation, especially in larger constructs. It has been established that chemical and mechanical environmental stimuli influence cell behavior. There remains a need to understand the impact of flow field modulation on the organization of cell populations in large tissue engineering (TE) constructs. In this project we are tracking the real-time response of cell populations cultured in thick 3D scaffolds to flow patterns modulated in time and space. This is achieved using a perfusion bioreactor (shown below) capable of generating and controlling arbitrary flow patterns over tissue length scales --- while compensating for changes in scaffold permeability --- and while monitoring cell density and viability using real-time feedback from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The combination of flow field control and non-invasive tissue culture (TC) monitoring allows cell population dynamics to be examined under spatiotemporally complex flow patterns at all times. Our group has had to develop MRI techniques for noninvasive 3D cell density and cell viability assays, as well as AI-based optimal control algorithms for reactor design and real-time flow field control. Applications to ischemia are of interest to us.

Magnetic Contrast Agents: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generates images by detecting nuclear magnetic signals from water molecules. However, its sensitivity is inherently low. To circumvent this limitation, contrast agents were developed to improve the image contrast and highlight differences between normal and diseased tissue. MRI contrast agents typically work by enhancing the relaxation times (T1, T2) of nearby water molecules. However, gadolinium (Gd)-based commercial contrast agents have low per-particle (or per-molecule) relaxivity, requiring fairly large (millimolar) concentrations of particles injected to observe signal enhancement, raising toxicity concerns. The objective of this project is to address the need for less toxic contrast agents by developing Fe-based nanocrystalline contrast agents, with optimized atomic and phase content, possessing much higher relaxivity. Our previous results have shown that pure, oxide-free Gd metal cores fabricated using nanosphere lithography result in much higher magnetization, and therefore, substantially improved MRI relaxation-time enhancement, enabling detection at picomolar levels. This level of sensitivity is unprecedented. To reduce toxicity, we are developing Fe cores in oxide-free (reduced) form, capped to prevent oxidation. Fe contrast agents will have better magnetic properties than Gd at room temperature. We have developed nanofabrication processes (shown below) that result in the strongest magnetic particles possible. Stronger magnetism yields: 1) better MRI contrast, 2) lower injected doses for the same contrast, 3) lower dose means reduced toxicity. Research projects currently focus on translating to the clinic and exploring strategies for surface modification and targeting. Our recent work has combined multiple functionalities inside a single probe, such as MRI detection (proton and xenon-based detection), optical detection, photodynamic therapy, redox therapy and drug delivery.

Biosensing: Cells sense and respond to stimuli to maintain homeostasis and drive the evolution of transduction mechanisms. Signaling relies on dynamic protein macro-assemblies and networks that receive, transmit and modulate information from sensors to response elements. Cell signaling pathways are made of modular protein domains that mediate protein-protein interactions. Interacting proteins form signaling assemblies such as G-protein-coupled receptor-receptor tyrosine kinases (GPCR-RTK) that yield differential responses in different cell types. Controlled modulation of GPCR-RTK complexes and cellular signaling could enable manipulation of biological processes on-demand by accessing their native control systems. The field of optogenetics (over 27,400 search results in Google scholar) has been developing tools to control biological processes using light. Light control schemes may leverage multiple degrees of freedom such as temporal or spatial modulation, coherence, wavelength, power and polarization. However, the reliance on genetics is an obstacle to medical translation. Currently, genome modification is performed by either transient or stable delivery of nucleic acids that encode genome modifying components to target cells. This nucleic-acid-based approach has a number of drawbacks, including low efficiency, toxicity, prolonged expression, off target effects, and potential delay in modification due to transcription and translation post-delivery. Our group develops nanodiamond (ND)-based strategies for sensing and interacting with biological cells. NDs are biocompatible (non-cytotoxic and don't photobleach), can be targeted to specific macromolecular assemblies, and can be used for protein and drug delivery. Furthermore, they can be used for magnetic-, electric-field and temperature sensing at the nanoscale, meaning that a readout of the local ND environment is possible. In this project we develop nanoprobes for biological sensing and controlling cell function.

Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization: MRI has excellent soft tissue contrast and resolution (~0.1-1 mm), but is sensitivity-limited to imaging water protons. Such images do not contain chemical information and are of limited value for early stage disease detection. Molecular imaging (MI) capabilities would be desirable. Chemical-shift MRI suffers from sensitivity issues preventing the detection of tracer concentrations (far below the mM level) in vivo. Substantial signal enhancement by up to 4 orders of magnitude by hyperpolarization methods could enable detection of µM concentrations of exogenous probe after injection. The method of parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) can lead to such signal enhancements at a fraction of the cost of competing methods such as DNP (dynamic nuclear polarization). However, PHIP lacks useful contrast agents (CA). Our group is developing MRI contrast agents polarizable by PHIP that yield molecular-level information about binding and metabolism. Another effort in our group is the development of water-soluble heterogeneous catalysts for PHIP (HET-PHIP). For clinical translation both the molecular probe and catalyst must result in a biocompatible product that can be injected. The importance of heterogeneous catalyst stems from the ability to remove them from solution thereby mitigating toxicity issues. . Recent heterogeneous catalyst development has produced high polarization in water using parahydrogen with biologically relevant contrast agents. We recently introduced a novel heterogeneous ligand-stabilized Rh catalyst capable of achieving 15N polarization of 12.2 ± 2.7% by hydrogenation of neurine into a choline derivative. This is the highest 15N polarization of any parahydrogen method in water to date. Notably, this was performed using a deuterated quaternary amine with an exceptionally long spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of 21.0 ± 0.4 minutes. These results open the door to the possibility of 15N in vivo imaging using nontoxic similar model systems because of the biocompatibility of the production media and the stability of the heterogeneous catalyst using PHIP as the hyperpolarization method.

Immuno-Engineering: T-cell immunotherapy is a promising approach for cancer, infection, and autoimmune diseases. However, significant challenges hamper its therapeutic potential, including insufficient activation, delivery, and clonal expansion of T-cells into the tumor environment. Our team is devoted to addressing these issues by understanding and improving T cell-antigen presenting cell (APC) interactions. As the first step towards better in vitro activation and expansion of T-cells we have developed core–shell microparticles for sustained delivery of cytokines. The controlled delivery of cytokines is used to steer lineage specification of cultured T-cells. This approach enables differentiation of T-cells into central memory and effector memory subsets. It is found that CD8+ T-cells that received IL-2 from microparticles are more likely to gain effector functions as compared with traditional administration of IL-2. Moreover, we have shown that culture of T-cells within 3D scaffolds that contain IL-2-secreting microparticles enhances proliferation as compared with traditional, 2D approaches. This yields a new method to control the fate of T-cells and ultimately to new strategies for immune therapy. Since it is known that T cell receptors (TCRs) are mechanosensory, we have shown that T cells can recognize forces arising from the mechanical rigidity of their microenvironment. We fabricated 3D scaffold matrices with mechanical stiffness tuned to the range 4–40 kPa and engineered them to be microporous, independently of stiffness. We cultured T cells and antigen presenting cells within the matrices and studied T-cell activation by flow cytometry and live-cell imaging. We found that there was an augmentation of T-cell activation, proliferation, and migration speed in the context of mechanically stiffer 3D matrices as compared to softer materials. These results show that T cells can sense their 3D mechanical environment and alter both their potential for activation and their effector responses in different mechanical environments. A 3D scaffold of tunable stiffness and consistent micro-porosity offers a biomaterial advancement for both translational applications and reductionist studies on the impact of tissue micro-environmental factors on cellular behavior. Followed by the optimization of our T cell activation and expansion platform in vitro we then sought to optimize our 3D scaffold in the in vivo mouse melanoma model. To be able to offer a platform that supports and enhances T cell activation our team decorated the optimized 3D platforms with required signals for recruitment, activation, and proliferation of endogenous T cells around the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, since one of the major roadblocks in most solid tumors is the abundance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumor microenvironment, we embedded nanoparticles within our scaffolds that release inhibitory molecules which block the formation of Tregs and allow for the CD8+ T cells to have a higher chance of winning the war against cancer cells. The platform that we developed proved to be highly successful in suppressing tumor formation in the super aggressive mouse B16-F10 melanoma model. This implantable 3D platform synergizes with CAR-T therapies and systemic immunomodulatory therapies, and thus in combination these approaches offer the potential to radically rewrite the punitive rules of solid tumors.

Detailed Biography:

Dr. Bouchard obtained a bachelor’s degree in physics and business management from McGill University in Montréal, Canada, a Master’s degree in medical biophysics from the University of Toronto and a Ph.D. in Chemistry from Princeton University. His doctoral dissertation explores the use of multiple quantum coherence and long-range dipolar interactions in condensed matter to characterize heterogeneous material microstructure. During his time in the lab of Alex Pines at UC Berkeley he developed novel approaches and methodologies to portable, low-field NMR and MRI, microfluidics and hyperpolarization methods to the study of chemical reactions. He joined the UCLA faculty during the summer of 2008 to pursue research in physical chemistry and biomedicine.

Publications:

A selected list of publications:

Compton R, Osher S, Bouchard L   Hybrid regulatization for MRI reconstruction with field inhomogeneity correction, Inverse Probl. Imag, 2013; 7: 1215-1233.
Sharma R, Bouchard LS   Strongly hyperpolarized gas from parahydrogen by rational design of ligand-capped nanoparticles, Sci. Rep, 2012; 2: 277.
Majedi Fatemeh S, Hasani-Sadrabadi Mohammad Mahdi, Thauland Timothy J, Li Song, Bouchard Louis-S, Butte Manish J   T-cell activation is modulated by the 3D mechanical microenvironment Biomaterials, 2020; 252: 120058.
Majedi Fatemeh S, Hasani-Sadrabadi Mohammad Mahdi, Thauland Timothy J, Li Song, Bouchard Louis-S, Butte Manish J   Augmentation of T-Cell Activation by Oscillatory Forces and Engineered Antigen-Presenting Cells Nano letters, 2019; 19(10): 6945-6954.
Kaltschnee Lukas, Jagtap Anil P, McCormick Jeffrey, Wagner Shawn, Bouchard Louis-S, Utz Marcel, Griesinger Christian, Glöggler Stefan   Hyperpolarization of Amino Acids in Water Utilizing Parahydrogen on a Rhodium Nanocatalyst Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2019; 25(47): 11031-11035.
Archer Brian J, Uberruck Till, Mack Julia J, Youssef Khalid, Jarenwattananon Nanette N, Rall Deniz, Wypysek Denis, Wiese Martin, Blumich Bernhard, Wessling Matthias, Iruela-Arispe M Luisa, Bouchard Louis-S   Noninvasive Quantification of Cell Density in Three-Dimensional Gels by MRI IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2019; 66(3): 821-830.
Yang Shengjun, McCormick Jeffrey, Mamone Salvatore, Bouchard Louis-S, Glöggler Stefan   Nuclear Spin Singlet States in Photoactive Molecules: From Fluorescence/NMR Bimodality to a Bimolecular Switch for Spin Singlet States Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2019; 58(9): 2879-2883.
Jarenwattananon Nanette N, Bouchard Louis-S   Breakdown of Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill spin echoes in inhomogeneous fields The Journal of chemical physics, 2018; 149(8): 084304.
McCormick Jeffrey, Korchak Sergey, Mamone Salvatore, Ertas Yavuz N, Liu Zhiyu, Verlinsky Luke, Wagner Shawn, Glöggler Stefan, Bouchard Louis-S   More Than 12 % Polarization and 20 Minute Lifetime of Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2018; 57(33): 10692-10696.
Hasani-Sadrabadi Mohammad Mahdi, Majedi Fatemeh S, Bensinger Steven J, Wu Benjamin M, Bouchard Louis-S, Weiss Paul S, Moshaverinia Alireza   Mechanobiological Mimicry of Helper T Lymphocytes to Evaluate Cell-Biomaterials Crosstalk Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2018; 30(23): e1706780.
Majedi Fatemeh S, Hasani-Sadrabadi Mohammad Mahdi, Kidani Yoko, Thauland Timothy J, Moshaverinia Alireza, Butte Manish J, Bensinger Steven J, Bouchard Louis-S   Cytokine Secreting Microparticles Engineer the Fate and the Effector Functions of T-Cells Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2018; 30(7): e1706780.
Mack Julia J, Mosqueiro Thiago S, Archer Brian J, Jones William M, Sunshine Hannah, Faas Guido C, Briot Anais, Aragón Raquel L, Su Trent, Romay Milagros C, McDonald Austin I, Kuo Cheng-Hsiang, Lizama Carlos O, Lane Timothy F, Zovein Ann C, Fang Yun, Tarling Elizabeth J, de Aguiar Vallim Thomas Q, Navab Mohamad, Fogelman Alan M, Bouchard Louis S, Iruela-Arispe M Luisa   NOTCH1 is a mechanosensor in adult arteries Nature communications, 2017; 8(1): 1620.
Koumoulis Dimitrios, Taylor Robert E, McCormick Jeffrey, Ertas Yavuz N, Pan Lei, Che Xiaoyu, Wang Kang L, Bouchard Louis-S   Effects of Cd vacancies and unconventional spin dynamics in the Dirac semimetal Cd The Journal of chemical physics, 2017; 147(8): 084706.
McCormick Jeffrey, Grunfeld Alexander M, Ertas Yavuz N, Biswas Akash N, Marsh Kristofer L, Wagner Shawn, Glöggler Stefan, Bouchard Louis-S   Aqueous Ligand-Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticle Catalysts for Parahydrogen-Induced Analytical chemistry, 2017; 89(13): 7190-7194.
Yang Yuqi, Chen Shizhen, Liu Lianhua, Li Sha, Zeng Qingbin, Zhao Xiuchao, Li Haidong, Zhang Zhiying, Bouchard Louis-S, Liu Maili, Zhou Xin   Increasing Cancer Therapy Efficiency through Targeting and Localized Light Activation ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2017; 9(28): 23400-23408.
Lake Michael P, Bouchard Louis-S   Targeted nanodiamonds for identification of subcellular protein assemblies in mammalian cells PloS one, 2017; 12(6): e0179295.
Yang Shengjun, Yuan Yaping, Jiang Weiping, Ren Lili, Deng He, Bouchard Louis S, Zhou Xin, Liu Maili   Hyperpolarized Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2017; 23(32): 7648-7652.
Zeng Qingbin, Guo Qianni, Yuan Yaping, Yang Yuqi, Zhang Bin, Ren Lili, Zhang Xiaoxiao, Luo Qing, Liu Maili, Bouchard Louis-S, Zhou Xin   Mitochondria Targeted and Intracellular Biothiol Triggered Hyperpolarized Analytical chemistry, 2017; 89(4): 2288-2295.
Youssef Khalid, Jarenwattananon Nanette N, Archer Brian J, Mack Julia, Iruela-Arispe M Luisa, Bouchard Louis-S   4-D Flow Control in Porous Scaffolds: Toward a Next Generation of Bioreactors IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2017; 64(1): 61-69.
Koumoulis Dimitrios, Scheifers Jan P, St Touzani Rachid, Fokwa Boniface P T, Bouchard Louis-S   Direct Chemical Fine-Tuning of Electronic Properties in Sc Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry, 2016; 17(19): 2972-2976.
Yang Shengjun, Jiang Weiping, Ren Lili, Yuan Yaping, Zhang Bin, Luo Qing, Guo Qianni, Bouchard Louis-S, Liu Maili, Zhou Xin   Biothiol Xenon MRI Sensor Based on Thiol-Addition Reaction Analytical chemistry, 2016; 88(11): 5835-40.
Jarenwattananon Nanette N, Bouchard Louis-S   Erratum: Motional Averaging of Nuclear Resonance in a Field Gradient [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 197601 (2015)] Physical review letters, 2016; 116(21): 219903.
Guo Qianni, Zeng Qingbin, Jiang Weiping, Zhang Xiaoxiao, Luo Qing, Zhang Xu, Bouchard Louis-S, Liu Maili, Zhou Xin   A Molecular Imaging Approach to Mercury Sensing Based on Hyperpolarized (129)Xe Molecular Clamp Probe Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2016; 22(12): 3967-70.
Glöggler S, Grunfeld A M, Ertas Y N, McCormick J, Wagner S, Bouchard L-S   Surface ligand-directed pair-wise hydrogenation for heterogeneous phase hyperpolarization Chemical communications (Cambridge, England), 2016; 52(3): 605-8.
Youssef Khalid, Jarenwattananon Nanette N, Bouchard Louis-S   Feature-Preserving Noise Removal IEEE transactions on medical imaging, 2015; 34(9): 1822-9.
Glöggler S, Wagner S, Bouchard L-S   Hyperpolarization of amino acid derivatives in water for biological applications Chemical science, 2015; 6(7): 4261-4266.
Koumoulis Dimitrios, Morris Gerald D, He Liang, Kou Xufeng, King Danny, Wang Dong, Hossain Masrur D, Wang Kang L, Fiete Gregory A, Kanatzidis Mercouri G, Bouchard Louis-S   Nanoscale β-nuclear magnetic resonance depth imaging of topological insulators Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015; 112(28): E3645-50.
Jarenwattananon Nanette N, Bouchard Louis-S   Motional averaging of nuclear resonance in a field gradient Physical review letters, 2015; 114(19): 197601.
Glöggler Stefan, Grunfeld Alexander M, Ertas Yavuz N, McCormick Jeffrey, Wagner Shawn, Schleker P Philipp M, Bouchard Louis-S   A nanoparticle catalyst for heterogeneous phase para-hydrogen-induced polarization in water Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2015; 54(8): 2452-6.
Jarenwattananon Nanette N, Glöggler Stefan, Otto Trenton, Melkonian Arek, Morris William, Burt Scott R, Yaghi Omar M, Bouchard Louis-S   Thermal maps of gases in heterogeneous reactions Nature, 2013; 502(7472): 537-40.
Mack Julia J, Youssef Khalid, Noel Onika D V, Lake Michael P, Wu Ashley, Iruela-Arispe M Luisa, Bouchard Louis-S   Real-time maps of fluid flow fields in porous biomaterials Biomaterials, 2013; 34(8): 1980-6.
Koumoulis Dimitrios, Chasapis Thomas C, Taylor Robert E, Lake Michael P, King Danny, Jarenwattananon Nanette N, Fiete Gregory A, Kanatzidis Mercouri G, Bouchard Louis-S   NMR probe of metallic states in nanoscale topological insulators Physical review letters, 2013; 110(2): 026602.
Zurbuchen Mark A, Lake Michael P, Kohan Sirus A, Leung Belinda, Bouchard Louis-S   Nanodiamond landmarks for subcellular multimodal optical and electron imaging Scientific reports, 2013; 3(2): 2668.
Sharma Ramesh, Bouchard Louis-S   Strongly hyperpolarized gas from parahydrogen by rational design of ligand-capped nanoparticles Scientific reports, 2012; 2(2): 277.
Youssef K, Mack JJ, Iruela-Arispe ML, Bouchard LS   Macro-scale Topology Optimization for Controlling Internal Shear Stress in a Porous Scaffold Bioreactor Biotechn. Bioeng, 2012; 109: 1844-1854.
Michalak David J, Xu Shoujun, Lowery Thomas J, Crawford C W, Ledbetter Micah, Bouchard Louis-S, Wemmer David E, Budker Dmitry, Pines Alexander   Relaxivity of gadolinium complexes detected by atomic magnetometry Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2011; 66(2): 605-8.
Bouchard LS, Acosta VM, Bauch E, Budker D   Detection of the Meissner effect with a diamond magnetometer New J. Phys, 2011; 13: 025017.
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McFadden Carson, Bouchard Louis-S   Universality of cluster dynamics Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics, 2010; 82(6 Pt 1): 061125.
Robson SA, Peterson R, Bouchard LS, Villareal VA, Clubb RT   Heteronuclear Zero Quantum Coherence Nz-Exchange Experiment That Resolves Resonance Overlap and Its Application To Measure the Rates of Heme Binding to the IsdC Protein J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2010; 132(28): 9522-9523.
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Acosta VM, Bauch E, Ledbetter MP, Waxman A, Bouchard LS, Budker D   Temperature dependence of the nitrogen-vacancy magnetic resonance in diamond, Phys. Rev. Lett, 2010; 104: 070801.
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Kelso N, Lee SK, Bouchard LS, Demas V, Muck M, Pines A, Clarke JC   Distortion-Free Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Zero-Field Limit, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 2009; 200: 285-290.
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Bouchard LS, Anwar MS, Liu GL, Hann B, Xie H, Gray JW, Wang X, Pines A, Chen FF   Picomolar Sensitivity MRI and Photoacoustic Imaging of Cobalt Nanoparticles, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2009; 106: 4085-4089.
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Franck JM, Demas V, Martin RW, Bouchard LS, Pines A   Shimmed matching pulses: Simultaneous control of rf and static gradients for inhomogeneity correction, Journal of Chemical Physics, 2009; 131: 234506.
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Paulsen Jeffrey L, Bouchard Louis S, Graziani Dominic, Blümich Bernhard, Pines Alexander   Volume-selective magnetic resonance imaging using an adjustable, single-sided, portable sensor Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008; 105(52): 20601-4.
Paulsen JL, Bouchard, LS, Graziani N, Bluemich B, Pines A   Volume selective magnetic resonance imaging using an adjustable, single-sided, portable sensor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2008; 105: 20601-20604.
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Verpillat F, Ledbetter M P, Xu S, Michalak D J, Hilty C, Bouchard L-S, Antonijevic S, Budker D, Pines A   Remote detection of nuclear magnetic resonance with an anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008; 105(7): 2271-3.
Bouchard Louis-S, Burt Scott R, Anwar M Sabieh, Kovtunov Kirill V, Koptyug Igor V, Pines Alexander   NMR imaging of catalytic hydrogenation in microreactors with the use of para-hydrogen Science (New York, N.Y.), 2008; 319(5862): 442-5.
Bouchard LS, Kovtunov KV, Burt SR, Anwar MS, Koptyug IV, Sagdeev RZ, Pines A   Parahydrogen-enhanced gas-phase magnetic resonance imaging, Angewandte Chemie Intl Ed , 2007; 46: 4064–4068 (ranked Very Important Paper).
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Anwar M Sabieh, Hilty Christian, Chu Chester, Bouchard Louis-S, Pierce Kimberly L, Pines Alexander   Spin coherence transfer in chemical transformations monitored by remote detection NMR Analytical chemistry, 2007; 79(7): 2806-11.
Jachmann R C, Trease D R, Bouchard L-S, Sakellariou D, Martin R W, Schlueter R D, Budinger T F, Pines A   Multipole shimming of permanent magnets using harmonic corrector rings The Review of scientific instruments, 2007; 78(3): 035115.
Bouchard Louis-S, Kovtunov Kirill V, Burt Scott R, Anwar M Sabieh, Koptyug Igor V, Sagdeev Renad Z, Pines Alexander   Para-hydrogen-enhanced hyperpolarized gas-phase magnetic resonance imaging Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2007; 46(22): 4064-8.
Bouchard LS, Warren WS   Multiple-quantum vector field imaging by magnetic resonance J. Magn. Reson, 2005; 177(1): 1-13.
Bouchard LS, Wehrli FW, Chin CL, Warren WS   Structural anisotropy and internal magnetic fields in trabecular bone: coupling solution and solid dipolar interactions J. Magn. Reson, 2005; 176(1): 27-36.
Shannon Kerry L, Branca Rosa T, Galiana Gigi, Cenzano Silvia, Bouchard Louis-Serge, Soboyejo Winston, Warren Warren S   Simultaneous acquisition of multiple orders of intermolecular multiple-quantum coherence images in vivo Magnetic resonance imaging, 2004; 22(10): 1407-12.
Ledbetter M P, Savukov I M, Bouchard L-S, Romalis M V   Numerical and experimental studies of long-range magnetic dipolar interactions The Journal of chemical physics, 2004; 121(3): 1454-65.
Tang XP, Chin CL, Bouchard LS, Warren WS, Wehlri FW   Observing Bragg-like diffraction via multiple coupled nuclear spins Phys. Lett. A, 2004; 326: 114-25.
Bouchard LS, Warren WS   Reconstruction of porous material geometry by stochastic optimization based on NMR measurements of the dipolar field J. Magn. Reson, 2004; 170: 299-309.
Bouchard LS, Warren WS   Tensorial character of magnetization diffusion in periodic lattices Phys. Rev. B, 2004; 70(224426): .
Chin Chih-Liang, Tang Xiaoping, Bouchard Louis-S, Saha Punam K, Warren Warren S, Wehrli Felix W   Isolating quantum coherences in structural imaging using intermolecular double-quantum coherence MRI Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997), 2003; 165(2): 309-14.
Bouchard Louis-Serge, Rizi Rahim R, Warren Warren S   Magnetization structure contrast based on intermolecular multiple-quantum coherences Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2002; 48(6): 973-9.
Bouchard LS, Bronskill MJ   Magnetic resonance imaging of thermal coagulation effects in a phantom for calibrating thermal therapy devices Med. Phys, 2000; 27: 1141-5.
Bouchard L S, Bronskill M J   Magnetic resonance imaging of thermal coagulation effects in a phantom for calibrating thermal therapy devices Medical physics, 2000; 27(5): 1141-5.

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