Chen Yen-Hao, Heneidi Saleh, Lee Jung-Min, Layman Lawrence C, Stepp David W, Gamboa Gloria Mabel, Chen Bo-Shiun, Chazenbalk Gregorio, Azziz Ricardo   miRNA-93 inhibits GLUT4 and is overexpressed in adipose tissue of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome patients and women with insulin resistance Diabetes, 2013; 30(5): .

Jumabay Medet, Abdmaulen Raushan, Urs Sumithra, Heydarkhan-Hagvall Sepideh, Chazenbalk Gregorio D, Jordan Maria C, Roos Kenneth P, Yao Yucheng, Boström Kristina I   Endothelial differentiation in multipotent cells derived from mouse and human white mature adipocytes Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology, 2012; 53(6): 790-800.

Jones Michelle R, Chazenbalk Gregorio, Xu Ning, Chua Angela K, Eigler Tamar, Mengesha Emebet, Chen Yen-Hao, Lee Jung-Min, Pall Marita, Li Xiaohui, Chen Yii-Der I, Taylor Kent D, Mathur Ruchi, Krauss Ronald M, Rotter Jerome I, Legro Richard S, Azziz Ricardo, Goodarzi Mark O   Steroidogenic regulatory factor FOS is underexpressed in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) adipose tissue and genetically associated with PCOS susceptibility The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012; 97(9): E1750-7.

Chazenbalk Gregorio, Chen Yen-Hao, Heneidi Saleh, Lee Jung-Min, Pall Marita, Chen Yii-Der Ida, Azziz Ricardo   Abnormal expression of genes involved in inflammation, lipid metabolism, and Wnt signaling in the adipose tissue of polycystic ovary syndrome The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012; 97(5): E765-70.

Chazenbalk Gregorio, Bertolotto Cristina, Heneidi Saleh, Jumabay Medet, Trivax Bradley, Aronowitz Joel, Yoshimura Kotaro, Simmons Charles F, Dumesic Daniel A, Azziz Ricardo   Novel pathway of adipogenesis through cross-talk between adipose tissue macrophages, adipose stem cells and adipocytes: evidence of cell plasticity PloS one, 2011; 6(3): e17834.

Goodarzi Mark O, Dumesic Daniel A, Chazenbalk Gregorio, Azziz Ricardo   Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2011; 7(4): 219-31.

Chazenbalk Gregorio, Trivax Bradley S, Yildiz Bulent O, Bertolotto Cristina, Mathur Ruchi, Heneidi Saleh, Azziz Ricardo   Regulation of adiponectin secretion by adipocytes in the polycystic ovary syndrome: role of tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2010; 95(2): 935-42.

Chen Chun-Rong, Chazenbalk Gregorio D, Wawrowsky Kolja A, McLachlan Sandra M, Rapoport Basil   Evidence that human thyroid cells express uncleaved, single-chain thyrotropin receptors on their surface Endocrinology, 2006; 147(6): 3107-13.

Pichurin Pavel N, Chen Chun-Rong, Chazenbalk Gregorio D, Aliesky Holly, Pham Nancy, Rapoport Basil, McLachlan Sandra M   Targeted expression of the human thyrotropin receptor A-subunit to the mouse thyroid: insight into overcoming the lack of response to A-subunit adenovirus immunization Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2006; 176(1): 668-76.

Chazenbalk G D, Pichurin P N, Guo J, Rapoport B, McLachlan S M   Interactions between the mannose receptor and thyroid autoantigens Clinical and experimental immunology, 2005; 139(2): 216-24.

Pichurin Pavel N, Chazenbalk Gregorio D, Aliesky Holly, Pichurina Oxana, Rapoport Basil, McLachlan Sandra M   "Hijacking" the thyrotropin receptor: A chimeric receptor-lysosome associated membrane protein enhances deoxyribonucleic acid vaccination and induces Graves' hyperthyroidism Endocrinology, 2004; 145(12): 5504-14.

Latrofa Francesco, Chazenbalk Gregorio D, McLachlan Sandra M, Rapoport Basil   Evidence that the thyrotropin receptor protease is membrane-associated and is not within lipid rafts Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2004; 14(10): 801-5.

Latrofa Francesco, Chazenbalk Gregorio D, Pichurin Pavel, Chen Chun-Rong, McLachlan Sandra M, Rapoport Basil   Affinity-enrichment of thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies from Graves' patients and normal individuals provides insight into their properties and possible origin from natural antibodies The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2004; 89(9): 4734-45.

Chazenbalk Gregorio D, Latrofa Francesco, McLachlan Sandra M, Rapoport Basil   Thyroid stimulation does not require antibodies with identical epitopes but does involve recognition of a critical conformation at the N terminus of the thyrotropin receptor A-subunit The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2004; 89(4): 1788-93.

Chazenbalk Gregorio D, Chen Chun-Rong, McLachlan Sandra M, Rapoport Basil   Does thyrotropin cleave its cognate receptor? Endocrinology, 2004; 145(1): 4-10.

Chen Chun-Rong, Pichurin Pavel, Chazenbalk Gregorio D, Aliesky Holly, Nagayama Yuji, McLachlan Sandra M, Rapoport Basil   Low-dose immunization with adenovirus expressing the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor A-subunit deviates the antibody response toward that of autoantibodies in human Graves' disease Endocrinology, 2004; 145(1): 228-33.

Chen Chun-Rong, Chazenbalk Gregorio D, McLachlan Sandra M, Rapoport Basil   Evidence that the C terminus of the A subunit suppresses thyrotropin receptor constitutive activity Endocrinology, 2003; 144(9): 3821-7.

Chen Chun-Rong, Chazenbalk Gregorio D, McLachlan Sandra M, Rapoport Basil   Targeted restoration of cleavage in a noncleaving thyrotropin receptor demonstrates that cleavage is insufficient to enhance ligand-independent activity Endocrinology, 2003; 144(4): 1324-30.

Arturi F, Chiefari E, Tumino S, Russo D, Squatrito S, Chazenbalk G, Persani L, Rapoport B, Filetti S   Similarities and differences in the phenotype of members of an Italian family with hereditary non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism associated with an activating TSH receptor germline mutation Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2002; 25(8): 696-701.

Chazenbalk Gregorio D, Pichurin Pavel, Chen Chun-Rong, Latrofa Francesco, Johnstone Alan P, McLachlan Sandra M, Rapoport Basil   Thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies in Graves disease preferentially recognize the free A subunit, not the thyrotropin holoreceptor The Journal of clinical investigation, 2002; 110(2): 209-17.

Pichurin Pavel, Pichurina Oxana, Chazenbalk Gregorio D, Paras Charmaine, Chen Chun-Rong, Rapoport Basil, McLachlan Sandra M   Immune deviation away from Th1 in interferon-gamma knockout mice does not enhance TSH receptor antibody production after naked DNA vaccination Endocrinology, 2002; 143(4): 1182-9.

Schwarz-Lauer L, Chazenbalk G D, Mclachlan S M, Ochi Y, Nagayama Y, Rapoport B   Evidence for a simplified view of autoantibody interactions with the thyrotropin receptor Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2002; 12(2): 115-20.

Pichurin P, Yan X M, Farilla L, Guo J, Chazenbalk G D, Rapoport B, McLachlan S M   Naked TSH receptor DNA vaccination: A TH1 T cell response in which interferon-gamma production, rather than antibody, dominates the immune response in mice Endocrinology, 2001; 142(8): 3530-6.

Chen C R, Tanaka K, Chazenbalk G D, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   A full biological response to autoantibodies in Graves' disease requires a disulfide-bonded loop in the thyrotropin receptor N terminus homologous to a laminin epidermal growth factor-like domain The Journal of biological chemistry, 2001; 276(18): 14767-72.

Chazenbalk G D, McLachlan S M, Chen C R, Rapoport B   Insight into thyrotropin receptor cleavage by engineering the single polypeptide chain luteinizing hormone receptor into a cleaving, two subunit receptor European journal of biochemistry / FEBS, 2001; 268(8): 2261-9.

Chazenbalk G D, McLachlan S M, Pichurin P, Yan X M, Rapoport B   A prion-like shift between two conformational forms of a recombinant thyrotropin receptor A-subunit module: purification and stabilization using chemical chaperones of the form reactive with Graves' autoantibodies The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2001; 86(3): 1287-93.

Tanaka K, Chazenbalk G D, Rapoport B, McLachlan S M   Reassessment of the location of the thyrotropin receptor 50 amino acid "insertion" provides evidence in favor of a second downstream cleavage site Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2001; 11(2): 111-4.

Tanaka K, Chazenbalk G D, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   Evidence that cleavage of the thyrotropin receptor involves a "molecular ruler" mechanism: deletion of amino acid residues 305-320 causes a spatial shift in cleavage site 1 independent of amino acid motif Endocrinology, 2000; 141(10): 3573-7.

Chazenbalk G D, Pichurin P, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   A direct binding assay for thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 1999; 9(11): 1057-61.

Tanaka K, Chazenbalk G D, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   Subunit structure of thyrotropin receptors expressed on the cell surface The Journal of biological chemistry, 1999; 274(48): 33979-84.

Chazenbalk G D, Tanaka K, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   On the functional importance of thyrotropin receptor intramolecular cleavage Endocrinology, 1999; 140(10): 4516-20.

Tanaka K, Chazenbalk G D, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   The shed thyrotropin receptor is primarily a carboxyl terminal truncated form of the A subunit, not the entire A subunit Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 1999; 150(1-2): 113-9.

Chazenbalk G D, Wang Y, Guo J, Hutchison J S, Segal D, Jaume J C, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   A mouse monoclonal antibody to a thyrotropin receptor ectodomain variant provides insight into the exquisite antigenic conformational requirement, epitopes and in vivo concentration of human autoantibodies The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1999; 84(2): 702-10.

Tanaka K, Chazenbalk G D, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   Thyrotropin receptor cleavage at site 1 involves two discontinuous segments at each end of the unique 50-amino acid insertion The Journal of biological chemistry, 1999; 274(4): 2093-6.

Rapoport B, Chazenbalk G D, Jaume J C, McLachlan S M   The thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: interaction with TSH and autoantibodies Endocrine reviews, 1998; 19(6): 673-716.

Tanaka K, Chazenbalk G D, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   Thyrotropin receptor cleavage at site 1 does not involve a specific amino acid motif but instead depends on the presence of the unique, 50 amino acid insertion The Journal of biological chemistry, 1998; 273(4): 1959-63.

Kakinuma A, Chazenbalk G D, Tanaka K, Nagayama Y, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   An N-linked glycosylation motif from the noncleaving luteinizing hormone receptor substituted for the homologous region (Gly367 to Glu369) of the thyrotropin receptor prevents cleavage at its second, downstream site The Journal of biological chemistry, 1997; 272(45): 28296-300.

Chazenbalk G D, Jaume J C, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   Engineering the human thyrotropin receptor ectodomain from a non-secreted form to a secreted, highly immunoreactive glycoprotein that neutralizes autoantibodies in Graves' patients' sera The Journal of biological chemistry, 1997; 272(30): 18959-65.

Chazenbalk G D, Tanaka K, Nagayama Y, Kakinuma A, Jaume J C, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   Evidence that the thyrotropin receptor ectodomain contains not one, but two, cleavage sites Endocrinology, 1997; 138(7): 2893-9.

Kakinuma A, Chazenbalk G D, Jaume J C, Rapoport B, McLachlan S M   The human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor in a TSH binding inhibition assay for TSH receptor autoantibodies The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1997; 82(7): 2129-34.

Kakinuma A, Portolano S, Chazenbalk G, Rapoport B, McLachlan S M   Insight into screening immunoglobulin gene combinatorial libraries in a phage display vector: a tale of two antibodies Autoimmunity, 1997; 25(2): 73-84.

Jaume J C, Kakinuma A, Chazenbalk G D, Rapoport B, McLachlan S M   Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies in serum are present at much lower levels than thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies: analysis by flow cytometry The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1997; 82(2): 500-7.

Chazenbalk G D, Kakinuma A, Jaume J C, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   Evidence for negative cooperativity among human thyrotropin receptors overexpressed in mammalian cells Endocrinology, 1996; 137(11): 4586-91.

Chazenbalk G D, McLachlan S M, Nagayama Y, Rapoport B   Is receptor cleavage into two subunits necessary for thyrotropin action? Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 1996; 225(2): 479-84.

Kakinuma A, Chazenbalk G, Filetti S, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   Both the 5' and 3' noncoding regions of the thyrotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid influence the level of receptor protein expression in transfected mamalian cells Endocrinology, 1996; 137(7): 2664-9.

Rapoport B, McLachlan S M, Kakinuma A, Chazenbalk G D   Critical relationship between autoantibody recognition and thyrotropin receptor maturation as reflected in the acquisition of complex carbohydrate The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1996; 81(7): 2525-33.

Russo D, Arturi F, Wicker R, Chazenbalk G D, Schlumberger M, DuVillard J A, Caillou B, Monier R, Rapoport B, Filetti S   Genetic alterations in thyroid hyperfunctioning adenomas The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1995; 80(4): 1347-51.

Chazenbalk G D, Rapoport B   Expression of the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor in the baculovirus system using a promoter active earlier than the polyhedrin promoter. Implications for the expression of functional highly glycosylated proteins The Journal of biological chemistry, 1995; 270(4): 1543-9.

Chazenbalk G D, Rapoport B   Cleavage of the thyrotropin receptor does not occur at a classical subtilisin-related proprotein convertase endoproteolytic site The Journal of biological chemistry, 1994; 269(51): 32209-13.

Nagayama Y, Chazenbalk G D, Takeshita A, Kimura H, Ashizawa K, Yokoyama N, Rapoport B, Nagataki S   Studies on homologous desensitization of the thyrotropin receptor in 293 human embryonal kidney cells Endocrinology, 1994; 135(3): 1060-5.

Prummel M F, Chazenbalk G, Jaume J C, Rapoport B, McLachlan S M   Profile of lambda light chain variable region genes in Graves' orbital tissue Molecular immunology, 1994; 31(11): 793-802.

Costante G, Portolano S, Nishikawa T, Jaume J C, Chazenbalk G D, Rapoport B, McLachlan S M   Recombinant thyroid peroxidase-specific autoantibodies. II. Role of individual heavy and light chains in determining epitope recognition Endocrinology, 1994; 135(1): 25-30.

Chazenbalk G D, Costante G, Portolano S, McLachlan S M, Rapoport B   The immunodominant region on human thyroid peroxidase recognized by autoantibodies does not contain the monoclonal antibody 47/c21 linear epitope The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1993; 77(6): 1715-8.