Michael Phelps, Ph.D.

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A Short Biography:

Michael Phelps, formerly Norton Simon Professor and Chair of the UCLA Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, has been on the faculty of the University of California since 1976. He is actively engaged in medical research, educational programs and Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT clinical service at UCLA. In addition to serving as the Departmental Chairman and holding an endowed professorship, he was also the Director of the Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, and Professor of Biomathematics.

He has received numerous awards, among them, the 1992 Pasarow Foundation Award, the 1987 Rosenthal Foundation Award of the American College of Physicians, the George Von Hevesy Prize (won twice) from the Von Hevesy Foundation in Zurich (Von Hevesy won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry), the 1984 Sarah L. Poiley Memorial Award from the New York Academy of Sciences, the 1984 Ernest O. Lawrence Award from DOE, the 1983 Paul Aebersold Award from the Society of Nuclear Medicine, chaired the 1983 Nobel Symposium, Stockholm, elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1985, Enrico Fermi Presidential Award, 1998, elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1999, Keynote Address, 2007 Nobel Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden.

Dr. Phelps is the original inventor of the PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scanner. PET is a molecular imaging technique that provides in vivo images of biological processes such as blood flow, metabolism, cell communication systems, DNA synthesis, gene expression and drug interactions. PET is used in research to study the biological basis of normal organ function and the biological basis of disease throughout the body. It is also routinely used throughout the world as a clinical service for molecular imaging diagnostics of the biology of disease, including in the early detection, characterization and evaluation of the therapeutic responses in cancer, immunological disorders, neurological disorders and cardiovascular disease.

He has published 720 peer-reviewed scientific articles and four textbooks.

Work Titles
UCLA Norton Simon Professor Emeritus, Molecular & Medical Pharmacology Professor, Biomathematics
Education:
Degrees:
Ph.D., Chemistry, Washington University, 1970
B.S., Mathematics and Chemistry, Western Washington State University, 1965
Honors and Awards:
Institute of Medicine, Elected
General Motors Cancer Research Foundation, Kettering Prize
President Clinton, Enrico Fermi Presidential Award
National Academy of Sciences, Elected
Certifications:
Certification Type:

Contact Information:

Work Email Address:

mphelps@mednet.ucla.edu


Office Phone Number:

310-825-6539

Mailing Address:

Mail Code: 173517
Los Angeles, CA 90095


Work Address:

Office
23-138 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave.
Los Angeles, CA 90095


Publications:

A selected list of publications:

Kim Woosuk, Le Thuc M, Wei Liu, Poddar Soumya, Bazzy Jimmy, Wang Xuemeng, Uong Nhu T, Abt Evan R, Capri Joseph R, Austin Wayne R, Van Valkenburgh Juno S, Steele Dalton, Gipson Raymond M, Slavik Roger, Cabebe Anthony E, Taechariyakul Thotsophon, Yaghoubi Shahriar S, Lee Jason T, Sadeghi Saman, Lavie Arnon, Faull Kym F, Witte Owen N, Donahue Timothy R, Phelps Michael E, Herschman Harvey R, Herrmann Ken, Czernin Johannes, Radu Caius G   [18F]CFA as a clinically translatable probe for PET imaging of deoxycytidine kinase activity Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016; 113(15): 4027-32.
Nathanson David A, Armijo Amanda L, Tom Michelle, Li Zheng, Dimitrova Elizabeth, Austin Wayne R, Nomme Julian, Campbell Dean O, Ta Lisa, Le Thuc M, Lee Jason T, Darvish Ryan, Gordin Ari, Wei Liu, Liao Hsiang-I, Wilks Moses, Martin Colette, Sadeghi Saman, Murphy Jennifer M, Boulos Nidal, Phelps Michael E, Faull Kym F, Herschman Harvey R, Jung Michael E, Czernin Johannes, Lavie Arnon, Radu Caius G   Co-targeting of convergent nucleotide biosynthetic pathways for leukemia eradication The Journal of experimental medicine, 2014; 211(3): 473-86.
Mosessian Sherly, Duarte-Vogel Sandra M, Stout David B, Roos Kenneth P, Lawson Gregory W, Jordan Maria C, Ogden Amanda, Matter Cheryl, Sadeghi Saman, Mills George Q, Schelbert Heinrich R, Radu Caius G, Czernin Johannes, Couto Marcelo, Phelps Michael E   INDs for PET molecular imaging probes-approach by an academic institution Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging, 2014; 16(4): 441-8.
Clark Peter M, Flores Graciela, Evdokimov Nikolai M, McCracken Melissa N, Chai Timothy, Nair-Gill Evan, O'Mahony Fiona, Beaven Simon W, Faull Kym F, Phelps Michael E, Jung Michael E, Witte Owen N   Positron emission tomography probe demonstrates a striking concentration of ribose salvage in the liver Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014; 111(28): E2866-74.
Zadran Sohila, Arumugam Rameshkumar, Herschman Harvey, Phelps Michael E, Levine R D   Surprisal analysis characterizes the free energy time course of cancer cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014; 111(36): 13235-40.
Lazari Mark, Quinn Kevin M, Claggett Shane B, Collins Jeffrey, Shah Gaurav J, Herman Henry E, Maraglia Brandon, Phelps Michael E, Moore Melissa D, van Dam R Michael   ELIXYS - a fully automated, three-reactor high-pressure radiosynthesizer for development and routine production of diverse PET tracers EJNMMI research, 2013; 3(1): 52.
Herrmann Ken, Benz Matthias R, Czernin Johannes, Allen-Auerbach Martin S, Tap William D, Dry Sarah M, Schuster Tibor, Eckardt Jeff J, Phelps Michael E, Weber Wolfgang A, Eilber Fritz C   18F-FDG-PET/CT Imaging as an early survival predictor in patients with primary high-grade soft tissue sarcomas undergoing neoadjuvant therapy Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2012; 18(7): 2024-31.
Harris Robert J, Cloughesy Timothy F, Pope Whitney B, Nghiemphu Phioanh L, Lai Albert, Zaw Taryar, Czernin Johannes, Phelps Michael E, Chen Wei, Ellingson Benjamin M   18F-FDOPA and 18F-FLT positron emission tomography parametric response maps predict response in recurrent malignant gliomas treated with bevacizumab Neuro-oncology, 2012; 14(8): 1079-89.
Schwarzenberg Johannes, Czernin Johannes, Cloughesy Timothy F, Ellingson Benjamin M, Pope Whitney B, Geist Cheri, Dahlbom Magnus, Silverman Daniel H S, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Phelps Michael E, Chen Wei   3'-deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine PET and MRI for early survival predictions in patients with recurrent malignant glioma treated with bevacizumab Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2012; 53(1): 29-36.
Walter Franziska, Cloughesy Timothy, Walter Martin A, Lai Albert, Nghiemphu Phioanh, Wagle Naveed, Fueger Barbara, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes   Impact of 3,4-dihydroxy-6-18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine PET/CT on managing patients with brain tumors: the referring physician's perspective Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2012; 53(3): 393-8.
Keng Pei Yuin, Chen Supin, Ding Huijiang, Sadeghi Saman, Shah Gaurav J, Dooraghi Alex, Phelps Michael E, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Chatziioannou Arion F, Kim Chang-Jin Cj, van Dam R Michael   Micro-chemical synthesis of molecular probes on an electronic microfluidic device Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012; 109(3): 690-5.
Austin Wayne R, Armijo Amanda L, Campbell Dean O, Singh Arun S, Hsieh Terry, Nathanson David, Herschman Harvey R, Phelps Michael E, Witte Owen N, Czernin Johannes, Radu Caius G   Nucleoside salvage pathway kinases regulate hematopoiesis by linking nucleotide metabolism with replication stress The Journal of experimental medicine, 2012; 209(12): 2215-28.
Benz Matthias R, Herrmann Ken, Walter Franziska, Garon Edward B, Reckamp Karen L, Figlin Robert, Phelps Michael E, Weber Wolfgang A, Czernin Johannes, Allen-Auerbach Martin S   (18)F-FDG PET/CT for monitoring treatment responses to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2011; 52(11): 1684-9.
Palaskas Nicolaos, Larson Steven M, Schultz Nikolaus, Komisopoulou Evangelia, Wong Justin, Rohle Dan, Campos Carl, Yannuzzi Nicolas, Osborne Joseph R, Linkov Irina, Kastenhuber Edward R, Taschereau Richard, Plaisier Seema B, Tran Chris, Heguy Adriana, Wu Hong, Sander Chris, Phelps Michael E, Brennan Cameron, Port Elisa, Huse Jason T, Graeber Thomas G, Mellinghoff Ingo K   18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography marks MYC-overexpressing human basal-like breast cancers Cancer research, 2011; 71(15): 5164-74.
Walter Franziska, Federman Noah, Apichairuk Wipapat, Nelson Scott, Phelps Michael E, Allen-Auerbach Martin, Walter Martin A, Czernin Johannes   18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake of bone and soft tissue sarcomas in pediatric patients Pediatric hematology and oncology, 2011; 28(7): 579-87.
Wardak Mirwais, Schiepers Christiaan, Dahlbom Magnus, Cloughesy Timothy, Chen Wei, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Czernin Johannes, Phelps Michael E, Huang Sung-Cheng   Discriminant analysis of ¹⁸F-fluorothymidine kinetic parameters to predict survival in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2011; 17(20): 6553-62.
Schwarzenberg Johannes, Radu Caius G, Benz Matthias, Fueger Barbara, Tran Andrew Q, Phelps Michael E, Witte Owen N, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Czernin Johannes, Schiepers Christiaan   Human biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of novel PET probes targeting the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2011; 38(4): 711-21.
Walter Martin A, Benz Matthias R, Hildebrandt Isabel J, Laing Rachel E, Hartung Verena, Damoiseaux Robert D, Bockisch Andreas, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes, Weber Wolfgang A   Metabolic imaging allows early prediction of response to vandetanib Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2011; 52(2): 231-40.
Liu Kan, Lepin Eric J, Wang Ming-Wei, Guo Feng, Lin Wei-Yu, Chen Yi-Chun, Sirk Shannon J, Olma Sebastian, Phelps Michael E, Zhao Xing-Zhong, Tseng Hsian-Rong, Michael van Dam R, Wu Anna M, Shen Clifton K-F   Microfluidic-based 18F-labeling of biomolecules for immuno-positron emission tomography Molecular imaging, 2011; 10(3): 168-76, 1-7.
Shin Jonghan, Kepe Vladimir, Small Gary W, Phelps Michael E, Barrio Jorge R   Multimodal Imaging of Alzheimer Pathophysiology in the Brain's Default Mode Network International journal of Alzheimer's disease, 2011; 2011(2): 687945.
Sun Jing, Masterman-Smith Michael D, Graham Nicholas A, Jiao Jing, Mottahedeh Jack, Laks Dan R, Ohashi Minori, DeJesus Jason, Kamei Ken-ichiro, Lee Ki-Bum, Wang Hao, Yu Zeta T F, Lu Yi-Tsung, Hou Shuang, Li Keyu, Liu Max, Zhang Nangang, Wang Shutao, Angenieux Brigitte, Panosyan Eduard, Samuels Eric R, Park Jun, Williams Dirk, Konkankit Vera, Nathanson David, van Dam R Michael, Phelps Michael E, Wu Hong, Liau Linda M, Mischel Paul S, Lazareff Jorge A, Kornblum Harley I, Yong William H, Graeber Thomas G, Tseng Hsian-Rong   A microfluidic platform for systems pathology: multiparameter single-cell signaling measurements of clinical brain tumor specimens Cancer research, 2010; 70(15): 6128-38.
Benz Matthias R, Dry Sarah M, Eilber Fritz C, Allen-Auerbach Martin S, Tap William D, Elashoff David, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes   Correlation between glycolytic phenotype and tumor grade in soft-tissue sarcomas by 18F-FDG PET Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2010; 51(8): 1174-81.
Fueger Barbara J, Czernin Johannes, Cloughesy Timothy, Silverman Daniel H, Geist Cheri L, Walter Martin A, Schiepers Christiaan, Nghiemphu Phioanh, Lai Albert, Phelps Michael E, Chen Wei   Correlation of 6-18F-fluoro-L-dopa PET uptake with proliferation and tumor grade in newly diagnosed and recurrent gliomas Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2010; 51(10): 1532-8.
Phelps Michael E, Barrio Jorge R   Correlation of brain amyloid with "aerobic glycolysis": A question of assumptions? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010; 107(41): 17459-60.
Brewer Sarah, Nair-Gill Evan, Wei Bo, Chen Ling, Li Xiaoxiao, Riedinger Mireille, Campbell Dean O, Wiltzius Stephanie, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Phelps Michael E, Radu Caius, Witte Owen N, Braun Jonathan   Epithelial uptake of [18F]1-(2'-deoxy-2'-arabinofuranosyl) cytosine indicates intestinal inflammation in mice Gastroenterology, 2010; 138(4): 1266-75.
Benz Matthias R, Czernin Johannes, Tap William D, Eckardt Jeffrey J, Seeger Leanne L, Allen-Auerbach Martin S, Dry Sarah M, Phelps Michael E, Weber Wolfgang A, Eilber Fritz C   FDG-PET/CT Imaging Predicts Histopathologic Treatment Responses after Neoadjuvant Therapy in Adult Primary Bone Sarcomas Sarcoma, 2010; 2010(2): 143540.
Schwarzenberg J, Radu CG, Benz M, Fueger B, Tran AQ, Phelps ME, Witte ON, Satyamurthy N, Czernin J, Schiepers C   Human biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of novel PET probes targeting the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2010; 38(4): 711-21.
Fang Cong, Wang Yanju, Vu Nam T, Lin Wei-Yu, Hsieh Yao-Te, Rubbi Liudmilla, Phelps Michael E, Müschen Markus, Kim Yong-Mi, Chatziioannou Arion F, Tseng Hsian-Rong, Graeber Thomas G   Integrated microfluidic and imaging platform for a kinase activity radioassay to analyze minute patient cancer samples Cancer research, 2010; 70(21): 8299-308.
Schiepers Christiaan, Dahlbom Magnus, Chen Wei, Cloughesy Timothy, Czernin Johannes, Phelps Michael E, Huang Sung-Cheng   Kinetics of 3'-deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine during treatment monitoring of recurrent high-grade glioma Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2010; 51(5): 720-7.
Graeber T G, Heath J R, Skaggs B J, Phelps M E, Remacle F, Levine R D   Maximal entropy inference of oncogenicity from phosphorylation signaling Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010; 107(13): 6112-7.
Shu Chengyi J, Campbell Dean O, Lee Jason T, Tran Andrew Q, Wengrod Jordan C, Witte Owen N, Phelps Michael E, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Czernin Johannes, Radu Caius G   Novel PET probes specific for deoxycytidine kinase Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2010; 51(7): 1092-8.
Benz Matthias R, Czernin Johannes, Dry Sarah M, Tap William D, Allen-Auerbach Martin S, Elashoff David, Phelps Michael E, Weber Wolfgang A, Eilber Fritz C   Quantitative F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography accurately characterizes peripheral nerve sheath tumors as malignant or benign Cancer, 2010; 116(2): 451-8.
Toy Gerald, Austin Wayne R, Liao Hsiang-I, Cheng Donghui, Singh Arun, Campbell Dean O, Ishikawa Tomo-o, Lehmann Lynn W, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Phelps Michael E, Herschman Harvey R, Czernin Johannes, Witte Owen N, Radu Caius G   Requirement for deoxycytidine kinase in T and B lymphocyte development Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010; 107(12): 5551-6.
Walter Martin A, Hildebrandt Isabel J, Hacke Katrin, Kesner Adam L, Kelly Owen, Lawson Gregory W, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes, Weber Wolfgang A, Schiestl Robert H   Small-animal PET/CT for monitoring the development and response to chemotherapy of thymic lymphoma in Trp53-/- mice Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2010; 51(8): 1285-92.
Apostolova Liana G, Thompson Paul M, Rogers Steve A, Dinov Ivo D, Zoumalan Charleen, Steiner Calen A, Siu Erin, Green Amity E, Small Gary W, Toga Arthur W, Cummings Jeffrey L, Phelps Michael E, Silverman Daniel H   Surface feature-guided mapping of cerebral metabolic changes in cognitively normal and mildly impaired elderly Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging, 2010; 12(2): 218-24.
Wang Yanju, Lin Wei-Yu, Liu Kan, Lin Rachel J, Selke Matthias, Kolb Hartmuth C, Zhang Nangang, Zhao Xing-Zhong, Phelps Michael E, Shen Clifton K F, Faull Kym F, Tseng Hsian-Rong   An integrated microfluidic device for large-scale in situ click chemistry screening Lab on a chip, 2009; 9(16): 2281-5.
Fueger Barbara J, Yeom Kristen, Czernin Johannes, Sayre James W, Phelps Michael E, Allen-Auerbach Martin S   Comparison of CT, PET, and PET/CT for staging of patients with indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging, 2009; 11(4): 269-74.
Ercoli Linda M, Siddarth Prabha, Kepe Vladimir, Miller Karen J, Huang S-C, Cole Gregory M, Lavretsky Helen, Bookheimer Susan Y, Kim Jeanne, Phelps Michael E, Barrio Jorge R, Small Gary W   Differential FDDNP PET patterns in nondemented middle-aged and older adults The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2009; 17(5): 397-406.
Benz Matthias R, Czernin Johannes, Allen-Auerbach Martin S, Tap William D, Dry Sarah M, Elashoff David, Chow Kira, Evilevitch Vladimir, Eckardt Jeff J, Phelps Michael E, Weber Wolfgang A, Eilber Fritz C   FDG-PET/CT imaging predicts histopathologic treatment responses after the initial cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high-grade soft-tissue sarcomas Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2009; 15(8): 2856-63.
Small Gary W, Siddarth Prabha, Burggren Alison C, Kepe Vladimir, Ercoli Linda M, Miller Karen J, Lavretsky Helen, Thompson Paul M, Cole Greg M, Huang S C, Phelps Michael E, Bookheimer Susan Y, Barrio Jorge R   Influence of cognitive status, age, and APOE-4 genetic risk on brain FDDNP positron-emission tomography imaging in persons without dementia Archives of general psychiatry, 2009; 66(1): 81-7.
Laing Rachel E, Walter Martin A, Campbell Dean O, Herschman Harvey R, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes, Witte Owen N, Radu Caius G   Noninvasive prediction of tumor responses to gemcitabine using positron emission tomography Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009; 106(8): 2847-52.
Gregorian Caroline, Nakashima Jonathan, Dry Sarah M, Nghiemphu P Leia, Smith Kate Barzan, Ao Yan, Dang Julie, Lawson Gregory, Mellinghoff Ingo K, Mischel Paul S, Phelps Michael, Parada Luis F, Liu Xin, Sofroniew Michael V, Eilber Fritz C, Wu Hong   PTEN dosage is essential for neurofibroma development and malignant transformation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009; 106(46): 19479-84.
Yu Amy S, Lin Hong-Dun, Huang Sung-Cheng, Phelps Michael E, Wu Hsiao-Ming   Quantification of cerebral glucose metabolic rate in mice using 18F-FDG and small-animal PET Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2009; 50(6): 966-73.
Shu Chengyi J, Radu Caius G, Shelly Stephanie M, Vo Dan D, Prins Robert, Ribas Antoni, Phelps Michael E, Witte Owen N   Quantitative PET reporter gene imaging of CD8+ T cells specific for a melanoma-expressed self-antigen International immunology, 2009; 21(2): 155-65.
Guo Deliang, Hildebrandt Isabel J, Prins Robert M, Soto Horacio, Mazzotta Mary M, Dang Julie, Czernin Johannes, Shyy John Y-J, Watson Andrew D, Phelps Michael, Radu Caius G, Cloughesy Timothy F, Mischel Paul S   The AMPK agonist AICAR inhibits the growth of EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastomas by inhibiting lipogenesis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009; 106(31): 12932-7.
Burton Jeremy B, Johnson Mai, Sato Makoto, Koh Sok Boon S, Mulholland David J, Stout David, Chatziioannou Arion F, Phelps Michael E, Wu Hong, Wu Lily   Adenovirus-mediated gene expression imaging to directly detect sentinel lymph node metastasis of prostate cancer Nature medicine, 2008; 14(8): 882-8.
Wei Liu Hua, Su Helen, Hildebrandt Isabel J, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes, Weber Wolfgang A   Changes in tumor metabolism as readout for Mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibition by rapamycin in glioblastoma Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2008; 14(11): 3416-26.
Small Gary W, Siddarth Prabha, Silverman Daniel H S, Ercoli Linda M, Miller Karen J, Lavretsky Helen, Bookheimer Susan Y, Huang S-C, Barrio Jorge R, Phelps Michael E   Cognitive and cerebral metabolic effects of celecoxib versus placebo in people with age-related memory loss: randomized controlled study The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2008; 16(12): 999-1009.
Benz Matthias R, Allen-Auerbach Martin S, Eilber Fritz C, Chen Hui J J, Dry Sarah, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes, Weber Wolfgang A   Combined assessment of metabolic and volumetric changes for assessment of tumor response in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2008; 49(10): 1579-84.
Wei Liu H, Olafsen Tove, Radu Caius, Hildebrandt Isabel J, McCoy Mark R, Phelps Michael E, Meares Claude, Wu Anna M, Czernin Johannes, Weber Wolfgang A   Engineered antibody fragments with infinite affinity as reporter genes for PET imaging Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2008; 49(11): 1828-35.
Su Helen, Seimbille Yann, Ferl Gregory Z, Bodenstein Claudia, Fueger Barbara, Kim Kevin J, Hsu Yu-Tien, Dubinett Steven M, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes, Weber Wolfgang A   Evaluation of [(18)F]gefitinib as a molecular imaging probe for the assessment of the epidermal growth factor receptor status in malignant tumors European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2008; 35(6): 1089-99.
Harki Daniel A, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Stout David B, Phelps Michael E, Dervan Peter B   In vivo imaging of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides with positron emission tomography Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008; 105(35): 13039-44.
Radu Caius G, Shu Chengyi J, Nair-Gill Evan, Shelly Stephanie M, Barrio Jorge R, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Phelps Michael E, Witte Owen N   Molecular imaging of lymphoid organs and immune activation by positron emission tomography with a new [18F]-labeled 2'-deoxycytidine analog Nature medicine, 2008; 14(7): 783-8.
Kesner Adam L, Hsueh Wei-Ann, Czernin Johannes, Padgett Henry, Phelps Michael E, Silverman Daniel H S   Radiation dose estimates for [18F]5-fluorouracil derived from PET-based and tissue-based methods in rats Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging, 2008; 10(6): 341-8.
Evilevitch Vladimir, Weber Wolfgang A, Tap William D, Allen-Auerbach Martin, Chow Kira, Nelson Scott D, Eilber Fredrick R, Eckardt Jeffery J, Elashoff Robert M, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes, Eilber Fritz C   Reduction of glucose metabolic activity is more accurate than change in size at predicting histopathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy in high-grade soft-tissue sarcomas Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2008; 14(3): 715-20.
Weber Wolfgang A, Czernin Johannes, Phelps Michael E, Herschman Harvey R   Technology Insight: novel imaging of molecular targets is an emerging area crucial to the development of targeted drugs Nature clinical practice. Oncology, 2008; 5(1): 44-54.
Benz Matthias R, Evilevitch Vladimir, Allen-Auerbach Martin S, Eilber Fritz C, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes, Weber Wolfgang A   Treatment monitoring by 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with sarcomas: interobserver variability of quantitative parameters in treatment-induced changes in histopathologically responding and nonresponding tumors Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2008; 49(7): 1038-46.
Saxe Jonathan P, Wu Hao, Kelly Theresa K, Phelps Michael E, Sun Yi E, Kornblum Harley I, Huang Jing   A phenotypic small-molecule screen identifies an orphan ligand-receptor pair that regulates neural stem cell differentiation Chemistry & biology, 2007; 14(9): 1019-30.
Silverman Daniel H S, Dy Christine J, Castellon Steven A, Lai Jasmine, Pio Betty S, Abraham Laura, Waddell Kari, Petersen Laura, Phelps Michael E, Ganz Patricia A   Altered frontocortical, cerebellar, and basal ganglia activity in adjuvant-treated breast cancer survivors 5-10 years after chemotherapy Breast cancer research and treatment, 2007; 103(3): 303-11.
Kesner Amanda L, Hsueh Wei-Ann, Htet Nwe Linn, Pio Betty S, Czernin Johannes, Pegram Mark D, Phelps Michael E, Silverman Daniel H S   Biodistribution and predictive value of 18F-fluorocyclophosphamide in mice bearing human breast cancer xenografts Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2007; 48(12): 2021-7.
Wu Hsiao-Ming, Sui Guodong, Lee Cheng-Chung, Prins Mayumi L, Ladno Waldemar, Lin Hong-Dun, Yu Amy S, Phelps Michael E, Huang Sung-Cheng   In vivo quantitation of glucose metabolism in mice using small-animal PET and a microfluidic device Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2007; 48(5): 837-45.
Radu Caius G, Shu Chengyi J, Shelly Stephanie M, Phelps Michael E, Witte Owen N   Positron emission tomography with computed tomography imaging of neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007; 104(6): 1937-42.
Lin Tina W, de Aburto Michelle A Kung, Dahlbom Magnus, Huang Lynn L, Marvi Michael M, Tang Michael, Czernin Johannes, Phelps Michael E, Silverman Daniel H S   Predicting seizure-free status for temporal lobe epilepsy patients undergoing surgery: prognostic value of quantifying maximal metabolic asymmetry extending over a specified proportion of the temporal lobe Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2007; 48(5): 776-82.
Chen Wei, Delaloye Sibylle, Silverman Daniel H S, Geist Cheri, Czernin Johannes, Sayre James, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Pope Whitney, Lai Albert, Phelps Michael E, Cloughesy Timothy   Predicting treatment response of malignant gliomas to bevacizumab and irinotecan by imaging proliferation with [18F] fluorothymidine positron emission tomography: a pilot study Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2007; 25(30): 4714-21.
Weber Wolfgang A, Czernin Johannes, Phelps Michael E   Prognostic significance of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in non-small cell lung cancer. A blurry picture? Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2007; 13(11): 3105-6.
Kamata Masakazu, Wu Raymond P, An Dong Sung, Saxe Jonathan P, Damoiseaux Robert, Phelps Michael E, Huang Jing, Chen Irvin S Y   Cell-based chemical genetic screen identifies damnacanthal as an inhibitor of HIV-1 Vpr induced cell death Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2006; 348(3): 1101-6.
Small Gary W, Silverman Daniel H S, Siddarth Prabha, Ercoli Linda M, Miller Karen J, Lavretsky Helen, Wright Benjamin C, Bookheimer Susan Y, Barrio Jorge R, Phelps Michael E   Effects of a 14-day healthy longevity lifestyle program on cognition and brain function The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2006; 14(6): 538-45.
Yap Cecelia S, Czernin Johannes, Fishbein Michael C, Cameron Robert B, Schiepers Christiaan, Phelps Michael E, Weber Wolfgang A   Evaluation of thoracic tumors with 18F-fluorothymidine and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography Chest, 2006; 129(2): 393-401.
Fueger Barbara J, Czernin Johannes, Hildebrandt Isabel, Tran Chris, Halpern Benjamin S, Stout David, Phelps Michael E, Weber Wolfgang A   Impact of animal handling on the results of 18F-FDG PET studies in mice Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2006; 47(6): 999-1006.
Wang Jinyi, Sui Guodong, Mocharla Vani P, Lin Rachel J, Phelps Michael E, Kolb Hartmuth C, Tseng Hsian-Rong   Integrated microfluidics for parallel screening of an in situ click chemistry library Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2006; 45(32): 5276-81.
Su Helen, Bodenstein Claudia, Dumont Rebecca A, Seimbille Yann, Dubinett Steven, Phelps Michael E, Herschman Harvey, Czernin Johannes, Weber Wolfgang   Monitoring tumor glucose utilization by positron emission tomography for the prediction of treatment response to epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2006; 12(19): 5659-67.
Lu Yuxin, Dang Hoa, Middleton Blake, Zhang Zesong, Washburn Lorraine, Stout David B, Campbell-Thompson Martha, Atkinson Mark A, Phelps Michael, Gambhir Sanjiv Sam, Tian Jide, Kaufman Daniel L   Noninvasive imaging of islet grafts using positron-emission tomography Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006; 103(30): 11294-9.
Small Gary W, Kepe Vladimir, Ercoli Linda M, Siddarth Prabha, Bookheimer Susan Y, Miller Karen J, Lavretsky Helen, Burggren Alison C, Cole Greg M, Vinters Harry V, Thompson Paul M, Huang S-C, Satyamurthy N, Phelps Michael E, Barrio Jorge R   PET of brain amyloid and tau in mild cognitive impairment The New England journal of medicine, 2006; 355(25): 2652-63.
Ercoli Linda, Siddarth Prabha, Huang Sung-Cheng, Miller Karen, Bookheimer Susan Y, Wright Benjamin C, Phelps Michael E, Small Gary   Perceived loss of memory ability and cerebral metabolic decline in persons with the apolipoprotein E-IV genetic risk for Alzheimer disease Archives of general psychiatry, 2006; 63(4): 442-8.
Hsueh Wei-Ann, Kesner Amanda L, Gangloff Anne, Pegram Mark D, Beryt Malgorzata, Czernin Johannes, Phelps Michael E, Silverman Daniel H S   Predicting chemotherapy response to paclitaxel with 18F-Fluoropaclitaxel and PET Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2006; 47(12): 1995-9.
Kepe Vladimir, Barrio Jorge R, Huang Sung-Cheng, Ercoli Linda, Siddarth Prabha, Shoghi-Jadid Kooresh, Cole Gregory M, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Cummings Jeffrey L, Small Gary W, Phelps Michael E   Serotonin 1A receptors in the living brain of Alzheimer's disease patients Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006; 103(3): 702-7.
Allen-Auerbach Martin, Yeom Kristen, Park John, Phelps Michael, Czernin Johannes   Standard PET/CT of the chest during shallow breathing is inadequate for comprehensive staging of lung cancer Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2006; 47(2): 298-301.
Pio Betty S, Park Cecilia K, Pietras Richard, Hsueh Wei-Ann, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Pegram Mark D, Czernin Johannes, Phelps Michael E, Silverman Daniel H S   Usefulness of 3'-[F-18]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine with positron emission tomography in predicting breast cancer response to therapy Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging, 2006; 8(1): 36-42.
Tran Amy, Pio Betty S, Khatibi Bahareh, Czernin Johannes, Phelps Michael E, Silverman Daniel H S   18F-FDG PET for staging breast cancer in patients with inner-quadrant versus outer-quadrant tumors: comparison with long-term clinical outcome Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2005; 46(9): 1455-9.
Huang Sung-Cheng, Truong David, Wu Hsiao-Ming, Chatziioannou Arion F, Shao Weber, Wu Anna M, Phelps Michael E   An internet-based "kinetic imaging system" (KIS) for MicroPET Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging, 2005; 7(5): 330-41.
Kim Jong-Ho, Czernin Johannes, Allen-Auerbach Martin S, Halpern Benjamin S, Fueger Barbara J, Hecht Joel R, Ratib Osman, Phelps Michael E, Weber Wolfgang A   Comparison between 18F-FDG PET, in-line PET/CT, and software fusion for restaging of recurrent colorectal cancer Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2005; 46(4): 587-95.
Allen-Auerbach Martin, Quon Andrew, Weber Wolfgang A, Obrzut Sebastian, Crawford Tyler, Silverman Daniel H S, Ratib Osman, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes   Comparison between 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography hardware fusion for staging of patients with lymphoma Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging, 2005; 6(6): 411-6.
Gangloff Anne, Hsueh Wei-Ann, Kesner Amanda L, Kiesewetter Dale O, Pio Betty S, Pegram Mark D, Beryt Malgorzata, Townsend Allison, Czernin Johannes, Phelps Michael E, Silverman Daniel H S   Estimation of paclitaxel biodistribution and uptake in human-derived xenografts in vivo with (18)F-fluoropaclitaxel Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2005; 46(11): 1866-71.
Rasgon Natalie L, Silverman Daniel, Siddarth Prabha, Miller Karen, Ercoli Linda M, Elman Shana, Lavretsky Helen, Huang S-C, Phelps Michael E, Small Gary W   Estrogen use and brain metabolic change in postmenopausal women Neurobiology of aging, 2005; 26(2): 229-35.
Shoghi-Jadid Kooresh, Barrio Jorge R, Kepe Vladimir, Wu Hsiao-Ming, Small Gary W, Phelps Michael E, Huang Sung-Cheng   Imaging beta-amyloid fibrils in Alzheimer's disease: a critical analysis through simulation of amyloid fibril polymerization Nuclear medicine and biology, 2005; 32(4): 337-51.
Yaghoubi Shahriar S, Barrio Jorge R, Namavari Mohammad, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Phelps Michael E, Herschman Harvey R, Gambhir Sanjiv S   Imaging progress of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase suicide gene therapy in living subjects with positron emission tomography Cancer gene therapy, 2005; 12(3): 329-39.
Chen Wei, Cloughesy Timothy, Kamdar Nirav, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Bergsneider Marvin, Liau Linda, Mischel Paul, Czernin Johannes, Phelps Michael E, Silverman Daniel H S   Imaging proliferation in brain tumors with 18F-FLT PET: comparison with 18F-FDG Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2005; 46(6): 945-52.
Waldherr Christian, Mellinghoff Ingo K, Tran Chris, Halpern Benjamin S, Rozengurt Nora, Safaei Arash, Weber Wolfgang A, Stout David, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Barrio Jorge, Phelps Michael E, Silverman Daniel H, Sawyers Charles L, Czernin Johannes   Monitoring antiproliferative responses to kinase inhibitor therapy in mice with 3'-deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine PET Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2005; 46(1): 114-20.
Lee Chung-Cheng, Sui Guodong, Elizarov Arkadij, Shu Chengyi Jenny, Shin Young-Shik, Dooley Alek N, Huang Jiang, Daridon Antoine, Wyatt Paul, Stout David, Kolb Hartmuth C, Witte Owen N, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Heath James R, Phelps Michael E, Quake Stephen R, Tseng Hsian-Rong   Multistep synthesis of a radiolabeled imaging probe using integrated microfluidics Science (New York, N.Y.), 2005; 310(5755): 1793-6.
Fueger Barbara J, Weber Wolfgang A, Quon Andrew, Crawford Tyler L, Allen-Auerbach M S, Halpern B S, Ratib Osman, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes   Performance of 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography and integrated PET/CT in restaged breast cancer patients Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging, 2005; 7(5): 369-76.
Peñuelas Iván, Mazzolini Guillermo, Boán José F, Sangro Bruno, Martí-Climent Josep, Ruiz María, Ruiz Juan, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Qian Cheng, Barrio Jorge R, Phelps Michael E, Richter José A, Gambhir Sanjiv S, Prieto Jesús   Positron emission tomography imaging of adenoviral-mediated transgene expression in liver cancer patients Gastroenterology, 2005; 128(7): 1787-95.
Halpern Benjamin S, Schiepers Christiaan, Weber Wolfgang A, Crawford Tyler L, Fueger Barbara J, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes   Presurgical staging of non-small cell lung cancer: positron emission tomography, integrated positron emission tomography/CT, and software image fusion Chest, 2005; 128(4): 2289-97.
Stout David B, Chatziioannou Arion F, Lawson Timothy P, Silverman Robert W, Gambhir Sanjiv S, Phelps Michael E   Small animal imaging center design: the facility at the UCLA Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging, 2005; 7(6): 393-402.
Toyokuni Tatsushi, Kumar J S Dileep, Walsh Joseph C, Shapiro Alan, Talley John J, Phelps Michael E, Herschman Harvey R, Barrio Jorge R, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar   Synthesis of 4-(5-[18F]fluoromethyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide, a new [18F]fluorinated analogue of valdecoxib, as a potential radiotracer for imaging cyclooxygenase-2 with positron emission tomography Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2005; 15(21): 4699-702.
Hattori Naoya, Bergsneider Marvin, Wu Hsiao-Ming, Glenn Thomas C, Vespa Paul M, Hovda David A, Phelps Michael E, Huang Sung-Cheng   Accuracy of a method using short inhalation of (15)O-O(2) for measuring cerebral oxygen extraction fraction with PET in healthy humans Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2004; 45(5): 765-70.
Hattori Naoya, Huang Sung-Cheng, Wu Hsiao-Ming, Liao Weihsun, Glenn Thomas C, Vespa Paul M, Phelps Michael E, Hovda David A, Bergsneider Marvin   Acute changes in regional cerebral (18)F-FDG kinetics in patients with traumatic brain injury Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2004; 45(5): 775-83.
Filmont Jean-Emmanuel, Yap Cecelia S, Ko Fred, Vranjesevic Duska, Quon Andrew, Margolis Daniel J A, Safaei Arash, Emmanouilides Christos, Silverman Daniel H S, Phelps Michael E, Czernin Johannes   Conventional imaging and 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography for predicting the clinical outcome of patients with previously treated Hodgkin's disease Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging, 2004; 6(1): 47-54.
Phelps Michael   In tribute of Edward J. Hoffman, PhD (1942-2004) Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging, 2004; 6(5): 271-4.
Seltzer Marc A, Jahan Shamim A, Sparks Richard, Stout David B, Satyamurthy Nagichettiar, Dahlbom Magnus, Phelps Michael E, Barrio Jorge R   Radiation dose estimates in humans for (11)C-acetate whole-body PET Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2004; 45(7): 1233-6.
Wu Hsiao-Ming, Huang Sung-Cheng, Hattori Naoya, Glenn Thomas C, Vespa Paul M, Yu Chin-Lung, Hovda David A, Phelps Michael E, Bergsneider Marvin   Selective metabolic reduction in gray matter acutely following human traumatic brain injury Journal of neurotrauma, 2004; 21(2): 149-61.
Hood Leroy, Heath James R, Phelps Michael E, Lin Biaoyang   Systems biology and new technologies enable predictive and preventative medicine Science (New York, N.Y.), 2004; 306(5696): 640-3.
Cummings Jeffrey L, Silverman Dan, Small Gary, Phelps Michael   The role of positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2004; 52(3): 467-8; author reply 468-9.
Filmont JE, Czernin J, Yap C, Silverman DH, Quon A, Phelps ME, Emmanouilides C   Value of F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for Predicting the Clinical Outcome of Patients With Aggressive Lymphoma Prior to and After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation Chest, 2003; 124(2): 608-613.
Liang Q, Nguyen K, Satyamurthy N, Barrio JR, Phelps ME, Gambhir SS, Herschman HR   Monitoring adenoviral DNA delivery, using a mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene as a PET reporter gene Gene Ther, 2002; 9(24): 1659-1666.
Seltzer MA, Yap C, Silverman DH, Meta J, Schiepers C, Phelps ME, Sayre J, Ariannejad M, Gambhir SS, Rao J, Valk PE, Czernin J   The impact of positron emission tomography on the management of patients with lung cancer: the referring physician's perspective J Nucl Med, 2002; 43(6): 752-756.
Silverman DH, Small GW, Chang C, Lu CS, Kung de Auburto M, Chen W, Czernin J, Rapoport SI, Pietrini P, Alexander GE, Schapiro MB, Jagust WJ, Hoffman J, Welsh-Bohmer K, Alavi A, Clark CM, Salmon E, deLeon M, Mielke R, Cummings J, Kowell A, Gambhir SS, Hoh CK, Phelps ME   Positron emission tomography in evaluation of dementia: regional brain metabolism and long term outcome, J Amer Med Assoc, 2001; 286: 2120-2127.
Gambhir S S, Bauer E, Black M E, Liang Q, Kokoris M S, Barrio J R, Iyer M, Namavari M, Phelps M E, Herschman H R   A mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter gene shows improved sensitivity for imaging reporter gene expression with positron emission tomography Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000; 97(6): 2785-90.
Phelps ME   Positron emission tomography provides molecular imaging of biological processes, Proc Nat Acad Sci, 2000; 97: 9226-9233.
Chatziioannou A F, Cherry S R, Shao Y, Silverman R W, Meadors K, Farquhar T H, Pedarsani M, Phelps M E   Performance evaluation of microPET: a high-resolution lutetium oxyorthosilicate PET scanner for animal imaging Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 1999; 40(7): 1164-75.
Guerrero TM, Hoffman EJ, Dahlbom M, Cutler PD, Hawkins RA, Phelps ME   Characterization of a whole body imaging technique for PET, IEEE, 1990; 37: 676-680.
Mazziotta J C, Phelps M E, Pahl J J, Huang S C, Baxter L R, Riege W H, Hoffman J M, Kuhl D E, Lanto A B, Wapenski J A   Reduced cerebral glucose metabolism in asymptomatic subjects at risk for Huntington's disease The New England journal of medicine, 1987; 316(7): 357-62.
Chugani HT, Phelps ME   Maturational changes in cerebral function in human infants determined by 18FDG positron emission tomography, Science, 1986; 231: 840-843.
Phelps ME, Kuhl DE, Mazziotta JC   Metabolic mapping of the brain's response to visual stimulation: studies in man, Science (cover article), 1981; 211: 1445-1448.
Phelps ME, Huang SC, Hoffman EJ, Selin CE, Kuhl DE   Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in man with (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose:Validation of method, Ann Neurol, 1979; 6: 371-388.
Phelps ME, Hoffman EJ, Huang SC, Kuhl DE   ECAT: A new computerized tomographic imaging system for positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals, J Nucl Med, 1978; 19: 635-647.
Phelps ME, Hoffman EJ, Mullani NA, Higgins CS, Ter-Pogossian MM   Design considerations for a positron emission transaxial tomograph (PETT III), IEEE Nucl Sci, 1976; NS-23: 516-522.
Phelps ME, Hoffman EJ, Mullani NA, Ter-Pogossian MM   Application of annihilation coincidence detection to transaxial reconstruction tomography, J Nucl Med, 1975; 16: 210-224.

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